It was Marlon Brando's idea to have Jor-El wearing a recognizable 'S' logo in the 1978 Superman: The Movie, making it a pre-existing Kryptonian emblem rather than merely a personal symbol of Superman. This change filtered into the comics awareness, explicitly finalized in the 2003 title Superman: Birthright.
The mainstream continuity Superman temporarily adopted a black background for his chest emblem like his Kingdom Come counterpart. Like his KC counterpart, it was to mourn mass death, in this case from the Our Worlds at War storyline.
The childhood of Clark Kent was changed once in response to the Movie with his powers developing gradually and no career as Superboy, and later it was changed again to become closer to the portrayal in Smallville, including restoring Lex Luthor as a Smallville resident and friend of Clark (which, ironically, is what they had changed him from Post-Crisis).
His career as Superboy was a retcon in itself. The original telling of Superman's origin in Action Comics #1 /Superman #1'' had him raised in an orphanage, and his super powers developing slowly during adolescence.
Smallville itself first appeared in the earliest Superboy (1949) comics, but they never specified exactly where in the country it was located until after the Movie had put it in Kansas.
The whole cold, antiseptic look of the Post-Crisis Krypton was taken from the movie. Superman: Birthright undid this change, moving it back toward the Silver Age version.
Post-Infinite Crisis Krypton was even more like the movie version than it was post-Crisis. Superman's fortress is now the same crystalline structure seen in the films (and in Smallville), complete with Jor-El hologram.
Also, after the original movie, many artists drew Superman resembling Christopher Reeve. With John Byrne being the first, because he couldn't follow the style of Curt Swan.
Byrne's rebooted take on Lois Lane was also heavily inspired by Margot Kidder's portrayal of Lois in the movies, right down to copying elements of her personality and even her verbal tics. In particular, multiple stories since then have made a point that she's a terrible speller (even in the present day, when she should have a spellchecker, because she just ignores it), based on her introduction in the movie being her asking how many "T"s are in "bloodletting", and needing to be told there's only one "P" in "rapist."
Lex Luthor's father being named Lionel is an import from Smallville. Prior to this, the character's name had been Jules (Silver Age) or unnamed altogether (Post-Crisis/pre-Birthright). His appearance in Flashpoint was also highly influenced by Smallville, with Lionel depicted as a wealthy businessman with more than a passing resemblance to John Glover. Justice League (2018) took this further by revealing that, like his Smallville counterpart, Lionel was highly intelligent and involved in illicit scientific research, with his later status as a blue collar drunk only coming about after Vandal Savage ruined his life and wiped his memory.
Also, Luthor's iconic suit of green Powered Armor was designed by George Pérez for the Super Powers Collection action figure line from Kenner. Due to the turn-around time, it actually showed up inLuthor Unleashed before the toys were even on the shelves.
Superman flies because the Fleischer cartoons found it easier to animate flight than jumping. Simultaneously, the radio show started depicting Superman flying so that they could fit plot exposition into scenes while he traveled place to place. However, the radio show avoided calling it flight. Most of his other powers came from the radio or cartoon shows, too. Initially, he was just as the opening sequence described him: faster than a speeding bullet, more powerful than a locomotive, and able to leap tall buildings In a Single Bound. Heat vision, super breath, and more were largely later additions.
Action Comics itself also gradually drifted toward flight due to artist mistakes. As artists depicted Superman performing more and more impossible maneuvers in midair, AC writers explained it away as his ability to change trajectory in midair. When Fleischer, who had followed the comics and radio show, asked point-blank if Superman could fly, AC gave up and said he could. It didn't become official though until a 1942 Superman novel written by the head writer of the radio show, where it explicitly stated Superman flew across the Atlantic Ocean to stop a Nazi rocket missile. By 1943, Superman could fly 8 times the speed of light.
Though General Zod already existed in the comics before and after Superman II, his backstory became such a mess that eventually DC decided to make a "definitive" reboot of the character based on his most iconic version: that of the aforementioned film. Notably, Zod was originally bald and clean shaven pre-Crisis, but nowadays, you’d be hard pressed to find a depiction of him that doesn’t include the goatee or Villainous Widow's Peak sported by Terence Stamp in the movie.
Kryptonite was first introduced on the Superman radio show in 1943, before being incorporated into the comic book.
After Superman Returns was released, Superman's costume in the comics was slightly altered to make it match the costume's appearance in the film; most notably adding an "S" belt buckle like the movie costume. This was undone after a few years and the previous look of the costume returned.
Superman originally fought for "truth and justice", with "the American way" only added in 1951 for the The Adventures of Superman TV series.
Despite Superman: The Animated Series's version of Supergirl being Kara In-Ze, an adaptation of Kara Zor-El, the then-current Supergirl in the comics, Linda Danvers, was given the "white shirt, hot pants" Supergirl costume used in the series. Likewise, Kara In-Ze's Age Lift (being a teenager born before Clark who was put into cryogenic suspension until after Clark became Superman rather than a kid who really was younger than Clark) was imported to the Post-Crisis Kara Zor-El introduced in The Supergirl from Krypton (2004).
Before that, Supergirl was given a new costume in the 80's (the one with the headband that she wore until her death in Crisis on Infinite Earths) to match the one designed for the Supergirl (1984) live-action movie. The producers then changed their minds and decided to go for the classic, iconic Supergirl outfit in the movie instead, but the comics ended up sticking with the new suit since by that point, it was too late to get rid of it.
Supergirl (2016) also had Supergirl adopt the alias "Kara Danvers," her civilian name in the show.
Her foster parents's names Jeremiah and Eliza Danvers also first appeared in her TV show (previously they were named Fred and Edna Danvers). Her enemy Selena hails from her Supergirl (1984) film feature.
