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Alexa Vega is now Alexa Pena Vega.
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** Music/RickyMartin, to some Enrique Martín Morales, the Puerto Rican singer who also sometimes acts ([[CastTheExpert often as a Puerto Rican singer]]), most famous for "Livin' La Vida Loca"
to:
** Music/RickyMartin, to some Enrique Martín Morales, the Puerto Rican singer who also sometimes acts ([[CastTheExpert often as a Puerto Rican singer]]), most famous for "Livin' La Vida Loca"Loca" and "The Cup of Life"
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** Alexa Vega, actress from ''Film/SpyKids''
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** Alexa Vega, actress from ''Film/SpyKids''''Film/SpyKids''[[note]]now Alexa [=PenaVega=]; when she married Carlos Pena of ''Series/BigTimeRush'' fame, both took [=PenaVega=] as their new surname[[/note]]
** Carlos Alcaraz, as of July 2023 the current world number 1 in men's tennis
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** Carlos Alcaraz, as of April 2023 the current world number 1 in men's tennis
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** Arantxa Sánchez Vicario, Spanish tennis great, and also younger sister of three other pro tennis players (Marisa, Emilio, and Javier, all of whom chose to be known by only their father's surname)
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** Carlos Alcaraz, as of April 2023 the current world number 1 in men's tennis
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** Also the first name of U.S. Senator Ted Cruz (Cuban father).
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* May -- most likely from the Balaeric and Catala usage referring to something bigger or greater, pronounced like 'my'
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* May -- most likely from the Balaeric Balearic and Catala usage referring to something bigger or greater, pronounced like 'my'
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** Golfer [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Rahm Jon Rahm]]
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** Golfer [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Rahm Jon Rahm]]Rahm]], two-time major champion and frequent contender for world no. 1 in the 2020s
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** The footballer Itziar Gurrutxaga Bengoetxea, another contestant for [[TheUnpronouncable seriously, are you sure that's a Latin name]][[note]]Actually easier than it looks once you learn that the sound rendered in Basque as "tx" is essentially the same as the English "ch" sound in "chair".[[/note]]
to:
** The footballer Itziar Gurrutxaga Bengoetxea, another contestant for [[TheUnpronouncable seriously, are you sure that's a Latin name]][[note]]Actually easier than it looks once you learn that the sound rendered in Basque as "tx" is represents essentially the same sound as the English "ch" sound in "chair".[[/note]]
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** Rafael Edward "Ted" Cruz, US Senator from Texas since 2013 (Cuban father of Canary Islands descent)
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** David Ortiz, aka "Big Papi", now-retired Dominican [[UsefulNotes/HistoricalPeopleToKnowInMLB baseball star]], most notably with the Boston Red Sox
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** David Ortiz, aka "Big Papi", now-retired Dominican [[UsefulNotes/HistoricalPeopleToKnowInMLB Hall of Fame baseball star]], player]], most notably with the Boston Red Sox
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Note: This page uses the sub-headings "nombre" (given name) and "apellido" (surnames). As you'll learn from reading on, however, "last name" and "first name" are barely accurate at all, really.
to:
Note: This page uses the sub-headings "nombre" ''nombre'' (given name) and "apellido" ''apellido'' (surnames). As you'll learn from reading on, however, "last name" and "first name" are barely accurate at all, really.really.
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* García -- the most common surname in Spain, and second in Mexico, Cuba and the Philippines, it derives from an old word meaning 'young'
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* García -- the most common surname in Spain, and second in Mexico, Cuba and the Philippines, it derives from an old word meaning 'young'"young"
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** Creator/JorgeGarcia, a.k.a. Hurley from ''Series/{{LOST}}''
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** Creator/JorgeGarcia, a.k.a. AKA Hurley from ''Series/{{LOST}}''
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* Fernández -- means 'son of Fernando'
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* Fernández -- means 'son "son of Fernando'Fernando"
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* González -- second most common surname in Spain, in the top 5 in Latin America, and 23rd in the United States, originally refers to fortifications but has been back-formed into the name Gonzalo and so can now mean 'son of Gonzalo'
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* González -- second most common surname in Spain, in the top 5 in Latin America, and 23rd in the United States, originally refers to fortifications but has been back-formed into the name Gonzalo 'Gonzalo' and so can now mean 'son "son of Gonzalo'Gonzalo"
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* Rodríguez -- 'son of Rodrigo', has noble ties as it was originally granted to the royal family of Castille
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* Rodríguez -- 'son "son of Rodrigo', Rodrigo", has noble ties as it was originally granted to the royal family of Castille
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* López -- 'son of Lope', with Lope meaning wolf
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* López -- 'son "son of Lope', Lope", with Lope 'Lope' meaning wolf"wolf"
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* Diaz -- 'son of Jacob'; as in, Diego can translate as James or Jacob, and in the old Diago variant that originated the surname it meant Jacob
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* Diaz -- 'son "son of Jacob'; Jacob"; as in, Diego can translate as James 'James' or Jacob, 'Jacob', and in the old Diago variant that originated the surname surname, it meant Jacob'Jacob'
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* Pérez -- 'son of Pedro', the surname is also popular in Jewish families and so very popular among Sephardi Jews, but the name is no indicator of either being Jewish or Sephardic
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* Pérez -- 'son "son of Pedro', Pedro", the surname is also popular in Jewish families and so very popular among Sephardi Jews, but the name is no indicator of either being Jewish or Sephardic
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* Gómez -- it comes from an old Germanic word meaning 'man'. Yep.
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* Gómez -- it comes from an old Germanic word meaning 'man'."man". Yep.
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* Domínguez -- 'son of Domingo'
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* Domínguez -- 'son "son of Domingo'Domingo"
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* Hernández -- 'son of Hernando', related to Fernández
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* Hernández -- 'son "son of Hernando', Hernando", related to Fernández'Fernández'
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* Ramírez -- 'son of Ramiro'
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* Ramírez -- 'son "son of Ramiro'Ramiro"
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* Ruíz -- possibly comes from 'Rey', which means king, but even if not is typically a signifier of ancestral nobility
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* Ruíz -- possibly comes from 'Rey', ''Rey'', which means king, but even if not is typically a signifier of ancestral nobility
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* Suárez -- 'son of Suero'
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* Suárez -- 'son "son of Suero'Suero"
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* Velazquez and Velez -- 'son of Velasco'
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* Velazquez and Velez -- 'son "son of Velasco'Velasco"
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* Moreno -- from words for 'brown' and 'dark'
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* Moreno -- from words for 'brown' "brown" and 'dark'"dark"
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* Bravo -- from the original meaning of 'brave'
* Pena or Peña -- Spanish equivalent to various regional English 'cliff'/'crag'/'rocky'
* Pena or Peña -- Spanish equivalent to various regional English 'cliff'/'crag'/'rocky'
to:
* Bravo -- from the original meaning of 'brave'
"brave"
* Pena or Peña -- Spanish equivalent to various regional English'cliff'/'crag'/'rocky'"cliff"/"crag"/"rocky"
* Pena or Peña -- Spanish equivalent to various regional English
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* Cortés -- 'courteous'
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* Cortés -- 'courteous'"courteous"
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* Grand or Grande -- 'big'
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* Grand or Grande -- 'big'"big"
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* Vega -- '(one who lives on/in) the open land'
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* Vega -- '(one "(one who lives on/in) the open land'land"
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* Calderón -- 'tinker' (as in ''Literature/TinkerTailorSoldierSpy'')
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* Calderón -- 'tinker' "tinker" (as in ''Literature/TinkerTailorSoldierSpy'')
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* Herrera and Herrero -- 'blacksmith'
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* Herrera and Herrero -- 'blacksmith'"blacksmith"
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* Romero -- 'gypsy'
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* Romero -- 'gypsy'"gypsy"
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* Mendoza and Mendez/Menendez -- mendoza is the Basque word for 'cold mountain', and is the root for the name Mendo and its derivative Menendo, with Mendez being 'son of Mendo'
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* Mendoza and Mendez/Menendez -- mendoza ''mendoza'' is the Basque word for 'cold mountain', "cold mountain", and is the root for the name Mendo 'Mendo' and its derivative Menendo, 'Menendo', with Mendez being 'son "son of Mendo'Mendo"
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* Morales -- 'son of those who live near fruitful bushes'
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* Morales -- 'son "son of those who live near fruitful bushes'bushes"
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* Torres -- 'towers', the 50th most popular surname in the United States
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* Torres -- 'towers', "towers", the 50th most popular surname in the United States
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* Iglesias -- 'churches', often given to orphans and those of low birth who were left to the care of the Church. Has a somewhat archaic variant form "Yglesias" still in use in some regions and their descendants (e.g. Galicia).
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* Iglesias -- 'churches', "churches", often given to orphans and those of low birth who were left to the care of the Church. Has a somewhat archaic variant form "Yglesias" 'Yglesias' still in use in some regions and their descendants (e.g. Galicia).
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* de la Cruz -- 'of the Cross', similar in nomination to Iglesias as the people were believed to have been saved from juvenile death by the sacrifice of Jesus on the Cross
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* de la Cruz -- 'of "of the Cross', Cross", similar in nomination to Iglesias 'Iglesias' as the people were believed to have been saved from juvenile death by the sacrifice of Jesus on the Cross
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** José de la Cruz, also known as Huseng Sisiw, was a Filipino writer that was dubbed as the 'King of the poets'
* Ortiz and Ortega -- 'son of Orti' and 'from the place of nettles', with the name Orti deriving from the word for nettles
* Ortiz and Ortega -- 'son of Orti' and 'from the place of nettles', with the name Orti deriving from the word for nettles
to:
** José de la Cruz, also known as Huseng Sisiw, was a Filipino writer that was dubbed as the 'King "King of the poets'
poets"
* Ortiz and Ortega --'son "son of Orti' Orti" and 'from "from the place of nettles', nettles", with the name Orti 'Orti' deriving from the word for nettles
* Ortiz and Ortega --
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* Castro -- 'Chester', with Chester being an Anglicization of the word, meaning fortified town
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* Castro -- 'Chester', "Chester", with Chester being an Anglicization of the word, meaning fortified town
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Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers). Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/AngloSpanishWar15851604 the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]], and [[UsefulNotes/TheMexicanRevolution the ambiguous]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media--probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
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Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers).speakers), being the official language of twenty countries. Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/AngloSpanishWar15851604 the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]], and [[UsefulNotes/TheMexicanRevolution the ambiguous]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media--probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
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!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
to:
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
Changed line(s) 538,541 (click to see context) from:
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
to:
Cuba is one of
Honestly, who
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is
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%%!!Central America
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
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!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
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** Robert "Bob" Menendez, U.S. Senator from New Jersey (of Cuban ancestry)
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** Julián and Joaquin Castro, identical twin brothers from San Antonio who were respectively the Mayor of San Antonio and then U.S. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development and U.S. Congressman representing much of San Antonio
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* '''Quique''' or '''Kike''' -- if you are called Enrique, you will be called Quique (sometimes written in its XtremelyKoolLetterz version, Kike).
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* '''Ricky''' -- an Anglicized nickname for Enrique, and one that can confuse: Enrique is not Spanish for Richard, it's Spanish for Henry. Again, while it exists in Spain, it is more popular in the Americas. It's also a Catalan nickname for Ricard, as in the case of current [[UsefulNotes/NationalBasketballAssociation NBA]] player Ricky Rubio.
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* '''Ricky''' -- an Anglicized nickname for Enrique, and one that can confuse: Enrique is not Spanish for Richard, it's Spanish for Henry. Again, while it exists in Spain, it is more popular in the Americas.Americas; Spain uses Quique instead. It's also a Catalan nickname for Ricard, as in the case of current [[UsefulNotes/NationalBasketballAssociation NBA]] player Ricky Rubio.
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There are some names that will not be used very often, however. Francisco is one of these, thanks to the dictator UsefulNotes/FranciscoFranco who, for the unaware, ''scared Hitler'' and was basically running Spain like North Korea. Similarly José Antonio used to be a common name during Francoism because it alluded to the founder of the Falange, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, but is no longer commonly used. Blanca is not very common in Spain, though it is in the Americas, and is a sure sign that a writer is American if it crops up. Similarly, Sofía is not particularly uncommon in Spain, but nowhere near as popular as it is in the Americas (where it's been solid at number one since about 2010). The girl's name Macarena fell out of favor after [[Music/LosDelRio the song]] (it's not exactly complimentary), but was on the way out, anyway.
to:
There are some names that will not be used very often, however. Francisco is one of these, thanks to the dictator UsefulNotes/FranciscoFranco who, for the unaware, ''scared Hitler'' and was basically running Spain like a TorosYFlamenco version of North Korea. Similarly José Antonio used to be a common name during Francoism because it alluded to the founder of the Falange, José Antonio Primo de Rivera, but is no longer commonly used. Blanca is not very common in Spain, though it is in the Americas, and is a sure sign that a writer is American if it crops up. Similarly, Sofía is not particularly uncommon in Spain, but nowhere near as popular as it is in the Americas (where it's been solid at number one since about 2010). The girl's name Macarena fell out of favor after [[Music/LosDelRio the song]] (it's not exactly complimentary), but was on the way out, anyway.
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** Series/AguilaRoja star, David Janer.
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** Series/AguilaRoja ''Series/AguilaRoja'' star, David Janer.Janer (not to confuse with voice actor David Jenner).
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* Álvaro -- uncertain origin, but may come from the Old Norse word for mythical elf warriors
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* Álvaro -- uncertain origin, but may come from the meaning, although clearly of Germanic origin. Theories abound, including several terms related to 'warrior', 'guardian', 'bear' and 'elf' in Old Norse word for mythical elf warriorsor German
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** The Armada admiral, Marquis Álvaro de Bazán (de Santa Cruz), for whom many Spanish naval ships have since been named
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** The Armada admiral, Marquis Álvaro de Bazán UsefulNotes/AlvaroDeBazan (de Santa Cruz), for whom many Spanish naval ships have since been named
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* Carlos -- translates as Charles, basically just means 'man'
** Many Spanish kings
** Many Spanish kings
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* Carlos -- translates as Charles, basically just means 'man'
'free man' or simply "man" in old German.
** Many Spanishkingskings, among them UsefulNotes/CharlesV and UsefulNotes/CharlesIIOfSpain
** Many Spanish
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* Felipe/Philip -- meaning 'friend of horses'
** Many more Spanish kings (coincidentally how they named the UsefulNotes/{{Philippines}}), including the current one, King Felipe VI
** Many more Spanish kings (coincidentally how they named the UsefulNotes/{{Philippines}}), including the current one, King Felipe VI
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* Felipe/Philip -- meaning 'friend of horses'
horses' in Greek
** Many more Spanish kings (coincidentally how they named theUsefulNotes/{{Philippines}}), UsefulNotes/{{Philippines}}, in homage to UsefulNotes/PhilipII), including the current one, King Felipe VI
** Many more Spanish kings (coincidentally how they named the
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** A lot of kings
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** A lot of kingskings, most notably Ferdinand II of UsefulNotes/TheCatholicMonarchs and the infamous UsefulNotes/FerdinandVII
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* Julio -- meaning 'July', but really just the Spanish form of "Julius"; unlike most of the rest of (Western)[[note]]The West Slavs in Central Europe also still go for it on occasion[[/note]] Europe, this name remains in relatively common use in Spain (and elsewhere in the hispanosphere).
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* Julio -- meaning 'July', but really just the Spanish form of "Julius"; unlike most of the rest of (Western)[[note]]The West Slavs in Central Europe also still go for it on occasion[[/note]] Europe, this name remains in relatively common use in Spain (and elsewhere in the hispanosphere).Hispanosphere).
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* Antonio -- translates as Anthony, theoretically means 'son of Hercules' (as in the literal son of the literal demigod), but this was claimed by UsefulNotes/MarkAntony, and probably isn't true. The literal meaning is 'flower', so one can see why he'd make it up -- didn't stop people from believing and repeating it for centuries, though.
to:
* Antonio -- translates as Anthony, theoretically means 'son of Hercules' (as in the literal son of the literal demigod), but this was claimed by UsefulNotes/MarkAntony, UsefulNotes/MarkAntony and probably isn't true. The literal meaning is 'flower', so one can see why he'd make it up -- didn't stop people from believing and repeating it for centuries, though.
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* Iker -- actually a Basque name, but has become more popular, and was originated in the false history ''Deun-Ixendegi Euzkotarra'' by Creator/SabinoArana, as an attempt to invent new Basque names to distance them from typical Latin names
to:
* Iker -- actually a Basque name, but has become more popular, and was originated in the false history ''Deun-Ixendegi Euzkotarra'' by Creator/SabinoArana, as an attempt to invent new Basque names to distance them from typical Latin namesnames. It means something like 'visitor', as in a bringer of good news.
** Iker Casillas, the famous goalkeeper
** Iker Jiménez, host of ''Series/CuartoMilenio''
** Iker Casillas, the famous goalkeeper
** Iker Jiménez, host of ''Series/CuartoMilenio''
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* Asier -- another Basque origin name, but this one wasn't made up, and means 'the beginning'
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* Asier -- another Basque origin name, but this one wasn't made up, and up. It means 'the beginning'
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* Carmen -- has two separate origins: 1. a woeful song (Latin), 2. God's vineyard (Hebrew). Both could theoretically occur at the same time.
to:
* Carmen -- has two separate origins: 1. a woeful song (Latin), 2. God's vineyard (Hebrew).origins in two languages: 'song' in Latin and 'God's vineyard' in Hebrew. Both could theoretically occur at the same time.
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* Elena -- from the Greek Helen, meaning 'light' and 'beautiful'. It is seen as a first or standalone given name frequently, though more commonly in the Americas than in Spain, but is also very frequently seen after María to form the given name María Elena.
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* Elena -- from the Greek Helen, meaning 'light' and 'beautiful'. It is seen as a first or standalone given name frequently, though more commonly in the Americas than in Spain, but is also very frequently seen after María to form the given name María Elena. Usually written as Elena, but not impossible to get the form Helena either.
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* Isabella and Isabel -- a form of the name Elisabeth, means something vaguely like 'I swear to God', and in its original Hebrew origin 'gift of God'
to:
* Isabella and Isabel -- probably a form of the Hebrew name Elisabeth, means Elisabeth or Elisheva, meaning something vaguely like 'I swear to God', and God' (and in its original Hebrew origin 'gift of God'God'). Others believe it might be a form of the Phoenician Ishbaal, meaning 'daughter of Baal' or 'Baal is good'.
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* Alba -- meaning 'dawn' (note: in Scottish, it means Scotland, don't confuse the two)
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* Alba -- meaning 'dawn' or 'white' (note: in Scottish, it means Scotland, don't confuse the two)
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Another issue is that any single surname can itself already be a barrelled name. Wiki/TheOtherWiki uses the example of Juan Pablo Fernández de Calderón García-Iglesias, where "Fernández de Calderón" is one surname, and "García-Iglesias" is the other. This is something which does happen in other cultural naming practices, including English (though, whilst very common in Britain, it is largely uncommon in the United States). Because 'de' can function in given names and for signifying marriage, also, and because there is significant overlap in what may be used as a given name and surname, there are many situations where knowing what name is what name can be hard. Another connector of names in a surname is 'y' or 'i'[[labelnote:*]]more Catalan[[/labelnote]] or 'e'[[labelnote:*]]when the second name to be joined begins with an "ee" sound[[/labelnote]], and can be used both between two single surnames or two barrelled surnames.
to:
Another issue is that any single surname can itself already be a barrelled name. Wiki/TheOtherWiki Website/TheOtherWiki uses the example of Juan Pablo Fernández de Calderón García-Iglesias, where "Fernández de Calderón" is one surname, and "García-Iglesias" is the other. This is something which does happen in other cultural naming practices, including English (though, whilst very common in Britain, it is largely uncommon in the United States). Because 'de' can function in given names and for signifying marriage, also, and because there is significant overlap in what may be used as a given name and surname, there are many situations where knowing what name is what name can be hard. Another connector of names in a surname is 'y' or 'i'[[labelnote:*]]more Catalan[[/labelnote]] or 'e'[[labelnote:*]]when the second name to be joined begins with an "ee" sound[[/labelnote]], and can be used both between two single surnames or two barrelled surnames.
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Swapping the Caribbean section to be after Central America.
Changed line(s) 524,527 (click to see context) from:
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
to:
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
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[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
to:
Cuba is one
Honestly,
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed
%%!!Central America
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
Deleted line(s) 550,565 (click to see context) :
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
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Changed line(s) 524,531 (click to see context) from:
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
to:
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
Changed line(s) 533,536 (click to see context) from:
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
to:
Cuba is one of
Honestly, who
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is
Deleted line(s) 538,552 (click to see context) :
%%!!Central America
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
Added DiffLines:
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
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Changed line(s) 524,527 (click to see context) from:
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
to:
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
Changed line(s) 529,535 (click to see context) from:
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
to:
Cuba is one
Honestly,
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed
%%!!Central America
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
Deleted line(s) 550,565 (click to see context) :
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
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Changed line(s) 524,531 (click to see context) from:
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
to:
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
Changed line(s) 533,536 (click to see context) from:
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
to:
Cuba is one of
Honestly, who
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is
Deleted line(s) 538,552 (click to see context) :
%%!!Central America
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
Added DiffLines:
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
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This is a continuation of the previous edit summary (premature save): The links are to the ones we have links to, which, er, are all wars. Sorry, but we just don't have great articles on (the extensive!) trade and diplomatic relations between medieval England and Castile.
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Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers). Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/AngloSpanishWar15851604 the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]], and [[UsefulNotes/TheMexicanRevolution the ambiguous]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media, probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
to:
Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers). Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/AngloSpanishWar15851604 the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]], and [[UsefulNotes/TheMexicanRevolution the ambiguous]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media, probably.media--probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
Please note
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Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers). Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/AngloSpanishWar15851604 the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], and [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media, probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
to:
Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers). Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/AngloSpanishWar15851604 the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], and [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]]) mixed]], and [[UsefulNotes/TheMexicanRevolution the ambiguous]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media, probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None
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Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers). Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/NapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/TheSpanishArmada the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], and [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media, probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
to:
Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers). Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/NapoleonicWars ([[UsefulNotes/TheNapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/TheSpanishArmada [[UsefulNotes/AngloSpanishWar15851604 the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], and [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media, probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None
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Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world, and Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in media. For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
to:
Spanish is one of the most commonly spoken languages in the world, world (second to only Mandarin Chinese in the number of first-language speakers and only to English and Mandarin Chinese in the number of total speakers). Moreover, the Hispanosphere has a long history of interaction ([[UsefulNotes/NapoleonicWars the good]], [[UsefulNotes/TheSpanishArmada the]] [[UsefulNotes/MexicanAmericanWar bad]], and [[UsefulNotes/SpanishAmericanWarsOfIndependence the mixed]]) and still have frequent cultural and economic exchanges. It's thus no surprise that Latin/Hispanic cultures are among the most common non-Anglo cultures represented in English-language media. (And other European media, probably.) For these reasons, many may falsely assume that various Spanish cultures and traditions are similar or identical to Anglo-American ones, with only more [[TheCartel drugs]], [[{{Bandito}} crime]], and [[DashingHispanic really]] [[SpicyLatina attractive]] [[LatinLover people]]. However, this is not the case. One of the most obvious things to get wrong is the names you give to people being inappropriate for the time/location, misgendered, or just plain incorrect. The one thing many {{comed|y}}ies, especially, often do get right is [[OverlyLongName the length many names can be]], typically for laughs. Unfortunately, a lot of media relies on reusing {{Stock Foreign Name}}s without checking if they're appropriate. Hopefully, this page will help you out more than that.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None
Changed line(s) 245 (click to see context) from:
** Alejandro Villanueva, Spanish–American offensive tackle for the [[UsefulNotes/NationalFootballLeague Baltimore Ravens]] and former [[UsefulNotes/YanksWithTanks US Army Ranger]][[note]]An international MilitaryBrat; his father was a Spanish Navy officer attached to NATO, with Alejandro being born in Mississippi[[/note]]
to:
** Alejandro Villanueva, retired Spanish–American offensive tackle for the [[UsefulNotes/NationalFootballLeague Baltimore Ravens]] NFL]] offensive tackle and former [[UsefulNotes/YanksWithTanks US Army Ranger]][[note]]An international MilitaryBrat; his father was a Spanish Navy officer attached to NATO, with Alejandro being born in Mississippi[[/note]]
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* Antonio -- translates as Anthony, theoretically means 'son of Hercules' (as in the literal son of the literal demigod), but this was claimed by Mark Anthony, and probably isn't true. The literal meaning is 'flower', so one can see why he'd make it up -- didn't stop people from believing and repeating it for centuries, though
to:
* Antonio -- translates as Anthony, theoretically means 'son of Hercules' (as in the literal son of the literal demigod), but this was claimed by Mark Anthony, UsefulNotes/MarkAntony, and probably isn't true. The literal meaning is 'flower', so one can see why he'd make it up -- didn't stop people from believing and repeating it for centuries, thoughthough.
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* Rafael -- commonly Anglicized as Raphael, means 'God has healed'
to:
* Rafael -- commonly Anglicized as Raphael, means 'God has healed'healed'.
** Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis great.
** Also the first name of U.S. Senator Ted Cruz (Cuban father).
** Rafael Nadal, Spanish tennis great.
** Also the first name of U.S. Senator Ted Cruz (Cuban father).
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None
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!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
to:
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
Changed line(s) 527,533 (click to see context) from:
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
to:
Cuba is one
Honestly,
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed
%%!!Central America
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
Deleted line(s) 548,563 (click to see context) :
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
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** Ricardo "Pancho" Gonzales (though the actual spelling was "González"), American tennis great of Mexican descent
** Edgar Martínez, Puerto Rican [[UsefulNotes/HistoricalPeopleToKnowInMLB Hall of Fame]] [[UsefulNotes/{{Baseball}} designated hitter]] for the Seattle Mariners, also prominently featured in the [[Advertising/SeattleMariners team's TV commercials]]
Changed line(s) 60 (click to see context) from:
** Pedro Martínez, Dominican [[UsefulNotes/HistoricalPeopleToKnowInMLB Hall of Fame]] pitcher for several [[UsefulNotes/{{Baseball}} Major League Baseball]] teams
to:
** Pedro Martínez, Dominican [[UsefulNotes/HistoricalPeopleToKnowInMLB Hall of Fame]] Fame pitcher for several [[UsefulNotes/{{Baseball}} Major League Baseball]] Baseball teams
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None
Changed line(s) 520,527 (click to see context) from:
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
to:
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
Changed line(s) 529,532 (click to see context) from:
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
to:
Cuba is one of
Honestly, who
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is
Deleted line(s) 534,548 (click to see context) :
%%!!Central America
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
!Caribbean
!!UsefulNotes/{{Cuba}}
!!!Apellidos
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_cuba.png]]
Cuba is one of the countries that more commonly includes longer surnames in two ways: it retains a lot of the long singular names from colonial periods when many other Latin American countries have not, and it is one of the countries (along with much of Central America) that commonly includes grandparent/ancestral/lineage surnames in addition to father's and mother's.
Honestly, who let Cuba come up with their own rules? This gets messy. The short version is that the nation's tradition seems to be rooted in misogyny, as in practical usage most men go by an inherited family name and women go by either their father's name, their husband's name, or both. Ironically, actual full surnames are very hefty and can be strangely ordered. The base of taking surnames is the typical Latin American pattern of your father's, your mother's, your paternal grandmother's, your maternal grandmother's (which can be rephrased many ways because lots of your relatives will have all these names in various different orders), but something funny happens when it comes to marriage, at least traditionally and commonly persisting in several (even modern American) communities. The woman's first surname -- the one from her father and his father, etc. -- gets bumped to the end of her inherited names. This actually makes quite a lot of sense, at least in terms of women being viewed as property. The last 'name' to be seen, typically the easiest part to remember, will be [father's name] de [husband's name], which is in short saying that she belongs to these two men. At this point, the rest of the surname may be discounted or just fairly simple to use with the woman's given names, the ending now most important.
[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_odaat3.png]]
Take the example of the remake of ''Series/{{One Day at a Time|2017}}'', about a Cuban-American family, and [[ShownTheirWork with a Cuban-American showrunner]]. Lydia is the mother of Penelope, who is the mother of Elena. We have Lydia's full name, Lydia Margarita Del Carmen Inclan Maribona Leytevidal de Riera, and Elena's full name, Elena Maria Alvarez Riera Calderón Leytevidal Inclan. In parts: [Inclan] [Maribona] [Leytevidal] de [Riera] and [Alvarez] [Riera] [Calderón] [Leytevidal] [Inclan]. Because Lydia has been married, her father's name is Leytevidal, which makes it Penelope's mother's (i.e. Lydia) name, so Penelope's name (since she has also been married) will start [Leytevidal]. From Elena's name, Alvarez is her father, Penelope's husband, so Penelope's name will end with de [Alvarez]; Lydia's husband's name is Riera, and this is also Elena's mother's name, so it is Penelope's father's name and will come before as [Riera] de [Alvarez]. From Elena's name, Calderón comes from her paternal grandmother, her father's side, and so won't appear in Penelope's name. Similarly, in Lydia's name, Maribona is her grandmother's surname and theoretically too far removed for Penelope to inherit it, though this isn't unheard of (and it is evident that Elena was given such a name, likely connecting with the matriarchy displayed in the show). Inclan is Penelope's grandmother's name, so it will appear 'last' in her name, as [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. Unfortunately, we don't know Penelope's father's full name to work out what would come before Inclan, leaving her unmarried name as [Riera] [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan], and her married name as [Leytevidal] [?] [Inclan] [Riera] de [Alvarez]. A fun (actually, difficult and taxing) exercise is to apply this to work out other peoples' names from their relatives; it also helps prove the point that 1. it works, 2. it's hard, 3. why, Cuba, why?!
%%
Added DiffLines:
!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
!!UsefulNotes/{{Nicaragua}}
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and mispronunciations abound.
!!!Nombres
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
!!!Apellidos
Nicaragua has for a long time been some form of HereditaryRepublic and as such "last names" carried a lot of weight. The unquestionably most important family on the national level were, for most of the 19th century and the early 20th century, the Chamorros, who had several of their number rise to the presidency or take high positions in business or journalism. The Somozas were initially the equivalent of minor nobility, but managed to eke out a family dictatorship from the 1930s to the aforementioned 1979 revolution. However, their family name is -- for understandable reasons -- mud. Nicaragua also had a small but significant German descendant minority, who primarily settled in the North of the country and got active in the coffee business. If somebody has a German sounding last name, they may be connected to that heritage. Somoza "fought" in World War 2 by expropriating many German-Nicaraguans for alleged or real Nazi sympathies.
!!!Nicknames
Nicaraguans love getting nicknames, but due to the rather uncommon first names (and hence difficulty to use "standard" nicknames) and the often sprawling and tightly knit families making last name-based nicknames impractical, nicknames are often based on outwards appearance. They may be rather direct (ex-president Arnoldo Aleman is known as "El Gordo" due to his rotundness) and sometimes {{ironic|Nickname}}, calling somebody exactly the thing they ''aren't''. A common word that even casual white skinned visitors to Nicaragua are bound to hear is "chele", apparently derived from "leche" (milk) with the syllables turned around, which is used for light skinned people, particularly light skinned foreigners or, in some cases, dark skinned people in irony.
%%
%%!!Central America
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Missed this cut in the prior edit. Shakira does not have more last names other than Mebarak Ripoll. Also, as someone from Barranquilla, I would not call those last names common
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Something unique to Colombia is the large presence of Middle Eastern names, especially in the Atlántico area. In the 20th century, a lot of people from the Middle East immigrated to Latin America, and a lot of these arrived in Barranquilla because it was a reasonably large but also very easy to access port city from the Atlantic, as well as being on a Northern coast and so convenient for gulf streams. Many of the most popular surnames in Atlántico are Middle Eastern, and there's also a Catalan presence because they, similarly, decided to up and leave an oppressive country for one that was realistically not much better until 2016. This can be seen in, for example, Music/{{Shakira}} -- the singer is from Barranquilla, with the full name she most often gives out being Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll: Mebarak is Lebanese and Ripoll is Catalan. They're also two of the most common surnames in Barranquilla. If you're wondering, yes, Shakira does actually have more surnames, and at least in her pre-"Music/HipsDontLie" career she did give at least four in interviews.
to:
Something unique to Colombia is the large presence of Middle Eastern names, especially in the Atlántico area. In the 20th century, a lot of people from the Middle East immigrated to Latin America, and a lot of these arrived in Barranquilla because it was a reasonably large but also very easy to access port city from the Atlantic, as well as being on a Northern coast and so convenient for gulf streams. Many of the most popular surnames in Atlántico are Middle Eastern, and there's also a Catalan presence because they, similarly, decided to up and leave an oppressive country for one that was realistically not much better until 2016. This can be seen in, for example, Music/{{Shakira}} -- the singer is from Barranquilla, with the full name she most often gives out being Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll: Mebarak is Lebanese and Ripoll is Catalan. They're also two of the most common surnames in Barranquilla. If you're wondering, yes, Shakira does actually have more surnames, and at least in her pre-"Music/HipsDontLie" career she did give at least four in interviews.
Catalan.
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Colombian troper. I have never met people with 4 last names ever in my life. Not even old people. In fact the cut description is the only place I have ever heard of Colombians having four surnames (even pre-1900s It was only three).
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[[quoteright:350:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/apellidos_colombia.png]]
Colombia sticks with the most common Latin American practice of having surnames from parents and grandparents. This may seem confusing, but it's basically the same pattern as only having father and mother, but twice: you get father's and then mother's paternal surname, and then father's and then mother's maternal surname. Of course, your parents likely have four names, too, and you only take two from each. If you don't want to truly work out why, you can visualize it as having father's 1 - mother's 1 - father's 2 - mother's 2. Regarding marriage, it is typically personal choice whether to take a married name or not. Recently, also, some men also take an honorific from their wife when they get married. Of course, this doesn't really matter when it comes to giving children names, so why not.
More unique to Colombia is the large presence of Middle Eastern names, especially in the Atlántico area. In the 20th century, a lot of people from the Middle East immigrated to Latin America, and a lot of these arrived in Barranquilla because it was a reasonably large but also very easy to access port city from the Atlantic, as well as being on a Northern coast and so convenient for gulf streams. Many of the most popular surnames in Atlántico are Middle Eastern, and there's also a Catalan presence because they, similarly, decided to up and leave an oppressive country for one that was realistically not much better until 2016. This can be seen in, for example, Music/{{Shakira}} -- the singer is from Barranquilla, with the full name she most often gives out being Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll: Mebarak is Lebanese and Ripoll is Catalan. They're also two of the most common surnames in Barranquilla. If you're wondering, yes, Shakira does actually have more surnames, and at least in her pre-"Music/HipsDontLie" career she did give at least four in interviews.
That's also particular: at least four, because the F1 - M1 - F2 - M2 is the standard, but it's easily possible that if you like a particular relative, or someone's been married multiple times [[ChristianityIsCatholic and you haven't disowned them]], or for a variety of other reasons, you can have more.
Colombia sticks with the most common Latin American practice of having surnames from parents and grandparents. This may seem confusing, but it's basically the same pattern as only having father and mother, but twice: you get father's and then mother's paternal surname, and then father's and then mother's maternal surname. Of course, your parents likely have four names, too, and you only take two from each. If you don't want to truly work out why, you can visualize it as having father's 1 - mother's 1 - father's 2 - mother's 2. Regarding marriage, it is typically personal choice whether to take a married name or not. Recently, also, some men also take an honorific from their wife when they get married. Of course, this doesn't really matter when it comes to giving children names, so why not.
More unique to Colombia is the large presence of Middle Eastern names, especially in the Atlántico area. In the 20th century, a lot of people from the Middle East immigrated to Latin America, and a lot of these arrived in Barranquilla because it was a reasonably large but also very easy to access port city from the Atlantic, as well as being on a Northern coast and so convenient for gulf streams. Many of the most popular surnames in Atlántico are Middle Eastern, and there's also a Catalan presence because they, similarly, decided to up and leave an oppressive country for one that was realistically not much better until 2016. This can be seen in, for example, Music/{{Shakira}} -- the singer is from Barranquilla, with the full name she most often gives out being Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll: Mebarak is Lebanese and Ripoll is Catalan. They're also two of the most common surnames in Barranquilla. If you're wondering, yes, Shakira does actually have more surnames, and at least in her pre-"Music/HipsDontLie" career she did give at least four in interviews.
That's also particular: at least four, because the F1 - M1 - F2 - M2 is the standard, but it's easily possible that if you like a particular relative, or someone's been married multiple times [[ChristianityIsCatholic and you haven't disowned them]], or for a variety of other reasons, you can have more.
to:
Colombia sticks with the most common Latin American practice of having surnames from parents and grandparents. This may seem confusing, but it's basically the same pattern as only having father and mother, but twice: you get father's and then mother's paternal surname, and then father's and then mother's maternal surname. Of course, your parents likely have four names, too, and you only take two from each. If you don't want to truly work out why, you can visualize it as having father's 1 - mother's 1 - father's 2 - mother's 2. Regarding marriage, it is typically personal choice whether to take a married name or not. Recently, also, some men also take an honorific from their wife when they get married. Of course, this doesn't really matter when it comes to giving children names, so why not.
More
Something unique to Colombia is the large presence of Middle Eastern names, especially in the Atlántico area. In the 20th century, a lot of people from the Middle East immigrated to Latin America, and a lot of these arrived in Barranquilla because it was a reasonably large but also very easy to access port city from the Atlantic, as well as being on a Northern coast and so convenient for gulf streams. Many of the most popular surnames in Atlántico are Middle Eastern, and there's also a Catalan presence because they, similarly, decided to up and leave an oppressive country for one that was realistically not much better until 2016. This can be seen in, for example, Music/{{Shakira}} -- the singer is from Barranquilla, with the full name she most often gives out being Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll: Mebarak is Lebanese and Ripoll is Catalan. They're also two of the most common surnames in Barranquilla. If you're wondering, yes, Shakira does actually have more surnames, and at least in her pre-"Music/HipsDontLie" career she did give at least four in
That's also particular: at least four, because the F1 - M1 - F2 - M2 is the standard, but it's easily possible that if you like a particular relative, or someone's been married multiple times [[ChristianityIsCatholic and you haven't disowned them]], or for a variety of other reasons, you can have more.
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None
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It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidents Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
to:
It is often easy to at least somewhat pinpoint when somebody was born and which political leanings their parents had at the time. If they have a "pedestrian" Spanish name like José, Juan, Luis or the likes, they were likely born before the 1979 revolution. If they have a name like "Lenin", "Mijail" (varying spelllings, sometimes also "Mikhail") or the likes, they were likely born in the 1980s. If they have a name one cannot really place, they might've been born in the 1990s or later. These days it is not uncommon to give a "weird" first name and a "normal" middle name, such as "Beyton Francisco" or "Mayela Luisa". Younger couples also take to PortmanteauCoupleName for their kid, creating a new name by smoshing together the name of the parents. American names, or in some cases [[EaglelandOsmosis what Nicaraguans think are American names]] have also become popular since the end of the Contra War, giving rise to such bizarre concoctions as "Ruswel" (a phonetic spelling of a mispronunciation of [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidents [[UsefulNotes/ThePresidentsOfTheUnitedStates Teddy or FDR]]). "Bismarck" is another not unheard of first name, as is Daisy.
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None
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* Daniel -- a religious name (Literature/BookOfDaniel), meaning 'God is my judge'. Pronounced as 'dan-ee-el' or 'dan-yell'.
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* Daniel -- a religious name (Literature/BookOfDaniel), meaning 'God is my judge'. Pronounced as 'dan-ee-el' or 'dan-yell'. According to Spain's Statistics Department, this was THE most popular name for boys during the 2010s.
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* David -- again religious, from the King of Israel, means figuratively 'to be beloved'. Pronounced 'da-beed'. According to Spain's Statistics Department, this was THE most popular name for boys in the 70s, 80s and 90s, meaning that a lot of Spaniard Gen Xers and Millenials have this name.
to:
* David -- again religious, from the King of Israel, means figuratively 'to be beloved'. Pronounced 'da-beed'. According to Spain's Statistics Department, this was THE most popular name for boys in the 70s, 80s and 90s, meaning that a lot of Spaniard Gen Xers and Millenials have this name. And it's still among the most popular to this day.
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None
* David -- again religious, from the King of Israel, means figuratively 'to be beloved'. Pronounced 'da-beed'. According to Spain's Statistics Department, this was THE most popular name for boys in the 70s, 80s and 90s, meaning that a lot of Spaniard Gen Xers and Millenials have this name.
** Among these would be famous Spaniard singers David Bisbal and David Bustamante, both of which became popular by participating in the first edition of Spanish TalentShow "Operación Triunfo" in 2001.
** Series/AguilaRoja star, David Janer.
** David Jenner, famous voice actor since his childhood, being Samwise Gamgee in Film/TheLordOfTheRings and Characters/MCUBuckyBarnes his most famous roles.
** Several fooball/soccer players, such as David Villa and David Silva.
** Among these would be famous Spaniard singers David Bisbal and David Bustamante, both of which became popular by participating in the first edition of Spanish TalentShow "Operación Triunfo" in 2001.
** Series/AguilaRoja star, David Janer.
** David Jenner, famous voice actor since his childhood, being Samwise Gamgee in Film/TheLordOfTheRings and Characters/MCUBuckyBarnes his most famous roles.
** Several fooball/soccer players, such as David Villa and David Silva.
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* David -- again religious, from the King of Israel, means figuratively 'to love'. Pronounced 'da-beed'.
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Some names come with predetermined nicknames, or diminutive forms of the name. It can be kind of hard to understand this concept, but imagine it being like every Thomas being called Tom, but more -- and just be thankful it's [[UsefulNotes/RussianNamingConvention not Russian]].
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Some names come with predetermined nicknames, or diminutive nicknames. Some may be shortened forms of the name. It can name, such as "Rafa" for "Rafael". However, many would be kind of hard diminutives or forms that are significantly different, in a similar way to understand this concept, but imagine it being like every Thomas being called Tom, but more "Robert" and "Bob", or "Jack" and "John" in English -- and just be thankful it's [[UsefulNotes/RussianNamingConvention not Russian]].
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Pau Gasol is now retired, and Marc is winding down his playing career in Spain.
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** Marc Gasol, Barcelona-born basketball player for the Toronto Raptors and younger brother of Pau Gasol (below)
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** Marc Gasol, Barcelona-born basketball player for the Toronto Raptors and now winding down his career in Spain after a long NBA career; younger brother of Pau Gasol (below)
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** Pau Gasol, Barcelona-born basketball player for the Milwaukee Bucks
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** Pau Gasol, retired Barcelona-born basketball player for with multiple NBA teams, most notably the Milwaukee BucksMemphis Grizzlies and Los Angeles Lakers
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** Pau Casals i Defilló (more often known in the Anglosphere by the Castillian equivalent, Pablo Casals), virtuoso cellist and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
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** Pau Casals i Defilló (more often known in the Anglosphere by the Castillian Castilian equivalent, Pablo Casals), virtuoso cellist and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
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* Anxo -- the Gallego and Langudocien version of Ángel. It is also an alternative name for a Basque mythological creature, either the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartalo Tartaro]] or the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basajaun Basajaun]]. The Basque history suggests Anxo comes from the nickname Sancho.
to:
* Anxo -- the Gallego and Langudocien Languedocien version of Ángel. It is also an alternative name for a Basque mythological creature, either the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartalo Tartaro]] or the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basajaun Basajaun]]. The Basque history suggests Anxo comes from the nickname Sancho.
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misuse
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In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and [[ItIsPronouncedTropay mispronunciations]] abound.
to:
In general, there are two factors that majorly affect Nicaraguan naming schemes: the ethnic diversity of the country, and politics. While the political elite is largely mestizo, there are to this day notable indigenous and Afro-descended groups that speak indigenous languages and creole English, mostly in the Eastern half of the country. While many families gave their kids conservative, biblical names akin to Francoist Spain until the Sandinista Revolution of 1979, since then Russian derived "communist" names -- and in more recent times, "American" names -- have become popular. However, it is often that not all Nicaraguans fully understand the cultural origin of the name and as such last names may be used as first names, [[SpellMyNameWithAnS uncommon spellings]] and [[ItIsPronouncedTropay mispronunciations]] mispronunciations abound.
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None
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** Many more Spanish kings, coincidentally how they named the UsefulNotes/Philippines, including the current one, King Felipe VI
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** Many more Spanish kings, coincidentally kings (coincidentally how they named the UsefulNotes/Philippines, UsefulNotes/{{Philippines}}), including the current one, King Felipe VI