History UsefulNotes / RichardTheLionheart

* Richard was played by Bernard Horsfall in the 1971, Creator/JulianGlover in the 1982, and Rory Edwards in the 1997 TV versions of Sir Creator/WalterScott's ''Series/{{Ivanhoe}}''.

* In 1911, [[Creator/WalterScott Scott's]] ''The Talisman'' was made by an Italian film company into a two-reeler (''Il talismano'', released in the Anglosphere in 1912 under the boring title ''Richard the Lionheart''); Richard was portrayed by Emilio Ghione(?) in a florid, almost operatic style. The same novel was adapted again in 1954, again with an unimaginative retitle, ''King Richard and the Crusaders''; Richard, was played by Creator/GeorgeSanders in exactly the same manner as his effete, snarky UsefulNotes/CharlesII from ''Film/ForeverAmber''. Aleksandr Baluyevone played Richard in the 1992 Russian version ''Ричард Львиное Сердце'' ("Richard the Lion-Heart") (completing a trifecta of re-titling dullness).

King Richard I of England, called ''Cœur-de-[[KingOfBeasts Lion]]'' (or the Lion-Heart(ed)) in French, was born at Oxford, [[UsefulNotes/{{Britain}} England]], September 8, 1157, and died at Chalus-Chabrol, UsefulNotes/{{France}}, April 6, 1199. The son of [[UsefulNotes/HenryTheSecond Henry II]] of UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet and UsefulNotes/{{Eleanor of Aquitaine}}, Richard came to the throne in 1189, and thereafter spent no more than six months of his ten years' reign in England. Both in his life and after his death, Richard's reputation has fluctuated wildly, from champion of Christendom and paragon of chivalry to blood-thirsty butcher, from beef-witted thug to poet and musician, from feckless political blunderer to shrewd diplomat and statesman, from insatiable womanizer to (latterly) insatiable... er... [[HoYay man-izer]]. Nevertheless, one aspect of his fame has remained constant -- his reputation as a particularly badass warrior, one which resonates to this day: along with Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror (Alfred the Great wasn't King of England, ''per se''), he is one of the only Kings of England to be more usually known by his epithet rather than regnal number.

King Richard I of England, called ''Cœur-de-[[KingOfBeasts Lion]]'' (or the Lion-Heart(ed)) in French, was born at Oxford, [[UsefulNotes/{{Britain}} England]], September 8, 1157, and died at Chalus-Chabrol, UsefulNotes/{{France}}, April 6, 1199. The son of [[UsefulNotes/HenryTheSecond Henry II]] of UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet and UsefulNotes/{{Eleanor of Aquitaine}}, Richard came to the throne in 1189, and thereafter spent no more than six months of his ten years' reign in England. Both in his life and after his death, Richard's reputation has fluctuated wildly, from champion of Christendom and paragon of chivalry to blood-thirsty butcher, from beef-witted thug to poet and musician, from feckless political blunderer to shrewd diplomat and statesman, from insatiable womanizer to (latterly) insatiable... er... [[HoYay man-izer]]. Nevertheless, one aspect of his fame has remained constant -- his reputation as a particularly badass warrior, one which resonates to this day: along with Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror (Alfred the Great wasn't King of England, per se), he is one of the only Kings of England to be more usually known by his epithet rather than regnal number.

On his way home, he was captured by Leopold I, Archduke of Austria (whom he had insulted in the Holy Land), and held to ransom by Leopold and his master, the Emperor Henry VI. During his captivity, he wrote a song about it -- "[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMZ3mSVcSKg Ja Nus Hons Pris]]" (perhaps channelling his great-grandfather William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, a noted troubador). He was released two years later after secretly swearing fealty to the Emperor and openly paying a huge ransom, collected by his [[NeverMessWithGranny mother]]; John's conspiracy against him immediately collapsed.

In popular culture, Richard usually appears as the Crusader king. In older works he is apt to be treated positively as a chivalrous figure and just ruler, but later works tend to be more cynical. This possibly reflects the modern historical view of him as a lousy king who was uninterested in actually governing his kingdom. During his reign, he was hardly ever in-country, preferring to fight his wars, but even then it is worth noting that due to factors such as the court of the Angevin Empire being held in Angers or Chinon and him viewing the Duchy of Aquitaine as his home, even if Richard's reign had not mostly consisted of military activity, he would not have been in England that often. However, he was reputedly a gifted military leader; a Muslim contemporary wrote, "Never have we had to face a bolder or more subtle opponent."

* In 1911, [[Creator/WalterScott Scott's]] ''The Talisman'' was made by an Italian film company into a two-reeler (''Il talismano'', released in the Anglosphere in 1912 under the boring title ''Richard the Lionheart''); Richard was portrayed by Emilio Ghione(?) in a florid, almost operatic style. The same novel was adapted again in 1954, again with an unimaginative retitle, ''King Richard and the Crusaders''; Richard, was played by Creator/GeorgeSanders in exactly the same manner as his effete, snarky Charles II from ''Film/ForeverAmber''. Aleksandr Baluyevone played Richard in the 1992 Russian version ''Ричард Львиное Сердце'' ("Richard the Lion-Heart") (completing a trifecta of re-titling dullness).

* In 1954 Richard was played by George Sanders in ''King Richard and the Crusaders'' the (unimaginatively retitled) film of [[Creator/WalterScott Scott's]] ''The Talisman'' and by Aleksandr Baluyevone in the (equally unimaginatively retitled) 1992 Russian version ''Ричард Львиное Сердце'' ("Richard the Lion-Heart").

* Sir Creator/WalterScott's ''Literature/{{Ivanhoe}}'', fittingly, as Scottish historian John Major (no, not [[UsefulNotes/JohnMajor the Prime Minister]]) was one of the earliest writers to associate Richard with Robin. Scott incorporates the episode of the King's exchange of buffets with the outlaw from the ballads.

* Steven Waddington played Richard in ''Series/RobinHood''.

On coming to the throne, Richard immediately took in hand the greatest of his projects -- the preparations for [[UsefulNotes/TheCrusades the Third Crusade]] (the so-called "Crusade of the Kings," as it was to be jointly led by Richard, [[{{Archenemy}} King Philip II Augustus]] of [[UsefulNotes/LEtatCestMoi France]], and the aged Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa of the UsefulNotes/HolyRomanEmpire). Unfortunately for the Christian cause, Barbarossa died ''en route'' (either drowning or submitting to a heart-attack in the river Saleph in Turkey) and the Kings of France and England, who had already quarreled when Richard had refused to marry the French king's sister Alice to whom he was betrothed (on the not entirely unreasonable grounds that she had been his father's mistress for years), refused to pull together, and were in fact plotting against each other continuously until Philip's early departure. Richard stayed on, winning some victories, both military and diplomatic, against his [[WorthyOpponent great Muslim opponent]], Saladin, but unable finally to recapture Jerusalem or to gain any decisive dominance for the Christians in the Holy Land. News of his [[CainAndAbel brother]] John's intrigues with Philip forced him reluctantly to withdraw.

On his way home, he was captured by Leopold I, Archduke of Austria (whom he had insulted in the Holy Land), and held to ransom by Leopold and his master, the Emperor Henry VI. During his captivity, he wrote a song about it - "[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMZ3mSVcSKg Ja Nus Hons Pris]]" (perhaps channelling his great-grandfather William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, a noted troubador). He was released two years later after secretly swearing fealty to the Emperor and openly paying a huge ransom, collected by his [[NeverMessWithGranny mother]], UsefulNotes/EleanorOfAquitaine; John's conspiracy against him immediately collapsed.

Since [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfTudor Tudor]] times, Richard has been associated particularly with the Myth/RobinHood legend, often as a mostly unseen BigGood whom Robin remains loyal to, regarding John as a pretender. However, most modern scholars associate Robin with one of the Edwards -- and Richard, at any rate, saw Sherwood Forest for the first time only after his release from captivity and second coronation in 1194. Nevertheless, many retellings feature him pardoning Robin, often after Robin has been involved in foiling an attempt by John to usurp the throne.

* Steven Waddington played Richard in ''Series/RobinHood''
* Forbes Collins ([[UncannyFamilyResemblance who also played Prince John]]) was Richard in one episode of ''Series/MaidMarianAndHerMerryMen'' where he was just as rotten as his brother, and like the real life Richard was only briefly in the country before leaving again. He did have his own theme song, "The White-ish Knight" which was a ''Nusic/{{Clannad}}''-esque riff and a spoof of the 1980s ''Series/RobinOfSherwood'''s style of music.

* In ''Manga/SamuraiDeeperKyo'', Richard appears as one of a group of HistoricalDomainCharacter summoned to TakeOverTheWorld by the [[WickedWitch Salem Witches]].

* ''Lionheart'', 1987 film by Franklin J. Schaffner (of ''Film/{{Patton}}'' and ''{{Film/Papillon}}'' fame).
* In the 1994 ''Film/{{Hellbound}}'': King Richard appears in the opening segment with his band of knights to save his baby son from being sacrificed by the demon Prosatanos.

[[folder:Folk Lore]]
* In Muslim folk-lore, ''Malik Rik'' was used as a [[ThingsThatGoBumpInTheNight boogeyman to scare children into being good]].

* Randall Garrett's ''Literature/LordDarcy'' series takes place in a modern day Europe with a balance of power between an Anglo-French Empire and the Kingdom of Poland, in which, instead of dying at the siege of Chaluz, Richard survived and returned to England to rule.
* In ''Literature/FateStrangeFake'', Richard is summoned as a Saber class Servant. He's a bit nutty and completely ignores his Master's requests remain hidden from {{Muggles}}, instead cheerfully roaming around in public and making no attempts to be subtle. He's portrayed as a massive fanboy of King Arthur and his main Noble Phantasm is to turn anything he wields into a copy of Excalibur. He also deeply regrets leading his country into war and ruin, because he was obsessed with emulating King Arthur's reign, so he overspent his kingdom's budget on quests and picked fights just to copy the events in Arthur's stories. His other Noble Phantasm allows him to very briefly summon his old comrades, including Robin Hood, to aid him in battle.

* The ''Series/DoctorWho'' episode "The Crusade."
** Funnily enough, Julian Glover also played him here.

* In 1727, Georg Friedrich Händel produced his ''Riccardo primo, re di Inghilterra'', recounting Richard's capture of the island of Cyprus; the part of Richard was originally sung by the ''castrato'' Francesco Bernardi ("Senesino").
* André-Ernest-Modeste Grétry's 1784 opera, ''Richard Cœur-de-Lion'', re-telling the story of Richard's release from captivity by his faithful minstrel, Blondel; Blondel's aria, « [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CJP-ZNXJ6po O Richard ! O mon roi !]] » became a rallying-cry for Monarchists during UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution.

[[folder:Tabletop Games]]
[[/folder]]

* He is one of the heroes in ''VideoGame/AgeOfEmpiresCastleSiege''. He has the ability to boost foot soldiers for some time, in which they are faster and stronger.
* In ''VideoGame/AssassinsCreedI'', Richard appears repeatedly and interacts with Altaïr Ibn-La'Ahad, the main character. Unlike most depictions, Richard has a French accent which is actually quite correct since he was not British and spoke French as his first language instead of English.

* Richard is one of your opponents in the second ''VideoGame/RockOfAges'' game. Compared to the other foes you face, Richard doesn’t have that much of a gimmick to him.

* Pitted against [[Literature/RagnarLothbrokAndHisSons Ragnar]] [[Series/{{Vikings}} Lothbrok]] in ''WebVideo/EpicRapBattlesOfHistory''

In popular culture, Richard usually appears as the Crusader king. In older works he is apt to be treated positively as a chivalrous figure and just ruler, but later works tend to be more cynical. This possibly reflects the modern historical view of him as a lousy king who was uninterested in actually governing his kingdom. During his reign, he was hardly ever in-country, preferring to fight his wars. However, he was reputedly a gifted military leader; a Muslim contemporary wrote, "Never have we had to face a bolder or more subtle opponent."

Since [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfTudor Tudor]] times, Richard has been associated particularly with the RobinHood legend, often as a mostly unseen BigGood whom Robin remains loyal to, regarding John as a pretender. However, most modern scholars associate Robin with one of the Edwards -- and Richard, at any rate, saw Sherwood Forest for the first time only after his release from captivity and second coronation in 1194. Nevertheless, many retellings feature him pardoning Robin, often after Robin has been involved in foiling an attempt by John to usurp the throne.

* In Disney's ''WesternAnimation/RobinHood'' Richard is an actual [[KingOfBeasts lion]], with rather a penchant for a bad pun.

* In the [[Film/RobinHood2010 Ridley Scott's adaptation]], Richard is played by Creator/DannyHuston. Unlike the standard telling of the myth, he is killed off early in the film in keeping with what happened historically.

In popular culture, Richard usually appears as the Crusader king. In older works he is apt to be treated positively as a chivalrous figure and just ruler, but later works tend to be more cynical.

On his way home, he was captured by Leopold I, Archduke of Austria (whom he had insulted in the Holy Land), and held to ransom by Leopold and his master, the Emperor Henry VI. During his captivity, he wrote a song about it - "[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMZ3mSVcSKg Ja Nus Hons Pris]]." He was released two years later after secretly swearing fealty to the Emperor and openly paying a huge ransom, collected by his [[NeverMessWithGranny mother]], UsefulNotes/EleanorOfAquitaine; John's conspiracy against him immediately collapsed.

* In ''Film/TheAdventuresOfRobinHood'' Richard is the just, kindly, and rather clever king, if unduly distracted from England by his Crusading adventures, and Lady Marian is his ward.

* He's the standard hero king in the Creator/DouglasFairbanks vehicle ''Film/{{Robin Hood|1922}}'' (1922).

* In ''Film/RobinAndMarian'' Richard is (unusually for a Robin Hood film) a brutal warmonger.

* In the [[Film/RobinHood2010 Ridley Scott's adaptation]], Richard is played by Danny Huston. Unlike the standard telling of the myth, he is killed off early in the film in keeping with what happened historically.

King Richard I of England, called ''Cœur-de-[[KingOfBeasts Lion]]'' (or the Lion-Heart(ed)) in French, was born at Oxford, [[UsefulNotes/{{Britain}} England]], September 8, 1157, and died at Chalus-Chabrol, UsefulNotes/{{France}}, April 6, 1199. The son of [[UsefulNotes/HenryTheSecond Henry II]] of UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet and UsefulNotes/EleanorOfAquitaine, Richard came to the throne in 1189, and thereafter spent no more than six months of his ten years' reign in England. Both in his life and after his death, Richard's reputation has fluctuated wildly, from champion of Christendom and paragon of chivalry to blood-thirsty butcher, from beef-witted thug to poet and musician, from feckless political blunderer to shrewd diplomat and statesman, from insatiable womanizer to (latterly) insatiable... er... [[HoYay man-izer]]. Nevertheless, one aspect of his fame has remained constant -- his reputation as a particularly badass warrior, one which resonates to this day: along with Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror (Alfred the Great wasn't King of England, per se), he is one of the only Kings of England to be more usually known by his epithet rather than regnal number.

King Richard I of England, called ''Cœur-de-[[KingOfBeasts Lion]]'' (or the Lion-Heart(ed)) in French, was born at Oxford, [[UsefulNotes/{{Britain}} England]], September 8, 1157, and died at Chalus-Chabrol, UsefulNotes/{{France}}, April 6, 1199. The son of [[UsefulNotes/HenryTheSecond Henry II]] of UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfPlantagenet, Richard came to the throne in 1189, and thereafter spent no more than six months of his ten years' reign in England. Both in his life and after his death, Richard's reputation has fluctuated wildly, from champion of Christendom and paragon of chivalry to blood-thirsty butcher, from beef-witted thug to poet and musician, from feckless political blunderer to shrewd diplomat and statesman, from insatiable womanizer to (latterly) insatiable... er... [[HoYay man-izer]]. Nevertheless, one aspect of his fame has remained constant -- his reputation as a particularly badass warrior, one which resonates to this day: along with Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror (Alfred the Great wasn't King of England, per se), he is one of the only Kings of England to be more usually known by his epithet rather than regnal number.

* Though Richard does not appear in person, a sort of [[NoCelebritiesWereHarmed avatar]] of Richard appears in the form of his [[HeroicBastard bastard]] [[IdenticalGrandson son]], Philip Faulconbridge, in Creator/WilliamShakespeare's ''King John''. Richard's old enemy Leopold of Austria is [[CompositeCharacter conflated by Shakespeare with the Viscount of Limoges]], and appears wearing Richard's own personal lion-skin (!), which Faulconbrige takes back after slaying him.
* Richard appears as a young man in ''Theatre/TheLionInWinter'' (1966) (though the title refers to his father, Henry II, rather than to him); the HoYay in this version is very obvious.

[[caption-width-right:329:Statue of Richard outside Parliament.]]

* In Creator/CecilBDeMille's film 1935 ''The Crusades'', he is played by Henry Wilcoxon.

* The 1968 ''Film/TheLionInWinter'' is all about the family intrigues of Henry II, Eleanor, and their sons, including Richard.
* ''Lionheart'', 1987 film by Franklin J. Schaffner (of ''Film/{{Patton}}'' & ''{{Film/Papillon}}'' fame).

* Richard (played by Creator/AnthonyHopkins in the 1968 film adaptation) appears as a young man in ''Theatre/TheLionInWinter'' (though the title refers to his father, Henry II, rather than to him); the HoYay in this version is very obvious.

* In Creator/CecilBDeMille's film ''The Crusades'', he is played by Henry Wilcoxon.

* In ''Film/KingdomOfHeaven'', Richard (played by Creator/IainGlen) appears at the end of the movie, as the story's events are the elements that provoked the Third Crusade.

* ''Film/{{Hellbound}}'': King Richard appears in the opening segment with his band of knights to save his baby son from being sacrificed by the demon Prosatanos.
* ''Film/TheLionInWinter'', which is all about the family intrigues of Henry II, Eleanor, and their sons.

On his way home, he was captured by Leopold I, Archduke of Austria (whom he had insulted in the Holy Land), and held to ransom by Leopold and his master, the Emperor Henry VI. During his captivity, he wrote a song about it - "[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMZ3mSVcSKg Ja Nus Hons Pris]]." He was released two years later after paying a huge ransom, collected by his [[NeverMessWithGranny mother]], UsefulNotes/EleanorOfAquitaine; John's conspiracy against him immediately collapsed.

* Cecil B. [=DeMille=]'s ''The Crusades''.