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[[caption-width-right:350:Modern Athens with Acropolis in the centre]]
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[[caption-width-right:350:Modern Athens Athens, with the Acropolis in the centre]]
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It has a large financial sector, and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe and the second largest in the world. The Municipality of Athens (also City of Athens), which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city, had a population of 664,046 (in 2011) within its official limits, and a land area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi). The Athens Urban Area (Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits, with a population of 3,090,508 (in 2011) over an area of 412 km2 (159 sq mi).[15] According to Eurostat in 2011, the functional urban area (FUA) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union (the 6th most populous capital city of the EU), with a population of 3.8 million people. Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe.
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It has a large financial sector, and its port Piraeus is both the largest passenger port in Europe and the second largest in the world. The Municipality of Athens (also City of Athens), which actually constitutes a small administrative unit of the entire city, had a population of 664,046 (in 2011) within its official limits, and a land area of 38.96 km2 (15.04 sq mi). The Athens Urban Area (Greater Athens and Greater Piraeus) extends beyond its administrative municipal city limits, with a population of 3,090,508 (in 2011) over an area of 412 km2 sq km (159 sq mi).[15] mi). According to Eurostat in 2011, the functional urban area (FUA) of Athens was the 9th most populous FUA in the European Union (the 6th most populous capital city of the EU), with a population of 3.8 million people. Athens is also the southernmost capital on the European mainland and the warmest major city in Europe.
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* Pericles - statesman and Ancient Athens' most prominent politician. Often associated with ''"The GoldenAge of Pericles"''
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* Pericles - statesman and Ancient Athens' most prominent politician. Often associated with ''"The GoldenAge of Pericles"''UsefulNotes/{{Pericles}}
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-->-- '''{{UsefulNotes/{{Pericles}}''', ''[[Creator/{{Thucydides}} Funeral Oration]]''
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-->-- '''{{UsefulNotes/{{Pericles}}''', '''UsefulNotes/{{Pericles}}''', ''[[Creator/{{Thucydides}} Funeral Oration]]''
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-->-- '''[[UsefulNotes/AncientGreece Pericles]]''', ''[[Creator/{{Thucydides}} Funeral Oration]]''
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-->-- '''[[UsefulNotes/AncientGreece Pericles]]''', '''{{UsefulNotes/{{Pericles}}''', ''[[Creator/{{Thucydides}} Funeral Oration]]''
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Due to being such an old city (and the oldest capital of Europe), it has a long and complicated history. So, we will start with what most people know about it. It installed the world's first democracy in 508/507 BC., after its citizens overthrew two tyrants, Hippias and Hipparchus. The father of the Athenian democracy is Cleisthenis.
It played a huge role in the UsefulNotes/GrecoPersianWars, which started in 499 BC., when Athens helped its colonies in Asia Minor rebel against UsefulNotes/TheAchaemenidEmpire. The rebellion failed, although the Athenians did manage to burn down Sardis.
The Great King, Darius I, furious for this, wanted to punish Athens and Eretria, so he started an Invasion in 492 BC. The Invasion ended in 490 BC., when the Athenians faced the Persian Army at the Battle of Marathon and received a major victory. This victory secured Greece's safety for another ten years.
During the second invasion (480 BC.), Athens was burned to the ground, but was rebuilt after the Persians left. From 478 BC. to 431 BC., Athens became one of the two most powerful city-states in UsefulNotes/AncientGreece (alongside Sparta) and, with Pericles' contribution, enjoyed a period of cultural growth and influence throughout the greek world, which came to be known as ''"The GoldenAge of Pericles"''.
But things changed when UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar started, which lasted for 27 years. Long story short, Athens lost and was forced to install an oligarchic system, also known as "The Thirty tyrants", though it retrieved democracy after a harsh period of fear and execution.
Despite these shortcomings, it still remained a big city and a "Centre of Arts and Philosophy", though it had lost its military and political influence. Just like the rest of the greek city-states, it was eventually conquered by the Macedons and replaced its democracy with plutocracy (and [[HowWeGotHere that's how the world's first democracy ended, folks]]).
It still remained a rich city (though, it had lost its autonomy), until the Romans arrived and, just like every other greek city-state, it turned into a tourist attraction. While it lost its power in [[UsefulNotes/TheByzantineEmpire the Byzantine period]], it regained it in the 9th century AC.… only to lose it again when Constantinople (and the rest of the greek world) fell to [[UsefulNotes/OttomanEmpire the Ottomans]].
After UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} earned its independence in 1830, Athens was merely a small town full of ancient and Byzantine ruins, while Nafplio hold the title of "the Capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}". It was anything like its former glory. All this changed when King Otto of Bavaria (a huge ancient Greece nerd who had studied Classical Literature) decided that Athens should be instead, for its glorious past and for being the "Cradle of Hellenic Civilization".
It played a huge role in the UsefulNotes/GrecoPersianWars, which started in 499 BC., when Athens helped its colonies in Asia Minor rebel against UsefulNotes/TheAchaemenidEmpire. The rebellion failed, although the Athenians did manage to burn down Sardis.
The Great King, Darius I, furious for this, wanted to punish Athens and Eretria, so he started an Invasion in 492 BC. The Invasion ended in 490 BC., when the Athenians faced the Persian Army at the Battle of Marathon and received a major victory. This victory secured Greece's safety for another ten years.
During the second invasion (480 BC.), Athens was burned to the ground, but was rebuilt after the Persians left. From 478 BC. to 431 BC., Athens became one of the two most powerful city-states in UsefulNotes/AncientGreece (alongside Sparta) and, with Pericles' contribution, enjoyed a period of cultural growth and influence throughout the greek world, which came to be known as ''"The GoldenAge of Pericles"''.
But things changed when UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar started, which lasted for 27 years. Long story short, Athens lost and was forced to install an oligarchic system, also known as "The Thirty tyrants", though it retrieved democracy after a harsh period of fear and execution.
Despite these shortcomings, it still remained a big city and a "Centre of Arts and Philosophy", though it had lost its military and political influence. Just like the rest of the greek city-states, it was eventually conquered by the Macedons and replaced its democracy with plutocracy (and [[HowWeGotHere that's how the world's first democracy ended, folks]]).
It still remained a rich city (though, it had lost its autonomy), until the Romans arrived and, just like every other greek city-state, it turned into a tourist attraction. While it lost its power in [[UsefulNotes/TheByzantineEmpire the Byzantine period]], it regained it in the 9th century AC.… only to lose it again when Constantinople (and the rest of the greek world) fell to [[UsefulNotes/OttomanEmpire the Ottomans]].
After UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} earned its independence in 1830, Athens was merely a small town full of ancient and Byzantine ruins, while Nafplio hold the title of "the Capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}". It was anything like its former glory. All this changed when King Otto of Bavaria (a huge ancient Greece nerd who had studied Classical Literature) decided that Athens should be instead, for its glorious past and for being the "Cradle of Hellenic Civilization".
to:
Due to being such an old city (and the oldest capital of Europe), it has a long and complicated history. So, we will start with what most people know about it. It installed the world's first democracy in 508/507 BC., after its citizens overthrew two tyrants, Hippias and Hipparchus. The father of the Athenian democracy is Cleisthenis.try to resume it as best as we can.
Although there is evidence of settlements as early as around 7000 BCE, Athens became a big important city around 1400 BCE, smack dab in the [[{{Precursors}} Mycenaean period]] of Greece and part of the wider Bronze Age. Athens most likely became important because of its acropolis, where there is archeological evidence of a citadel being built on the naturally defensible hill (like many other Bronze Age cities such as Mycenae, Pylos and Thebes). There is virtually nothing left of these fortifications apart from a wall of Cyclopean masonry [[note]]Cyclopean masonry refers to structures built of limestone boulders with little to no carving stacked up together like "bricks", often with no mortar. It was called as such by the post-Mycenaean Greeks who couldn't believe human hands built these, so they attributed the structures to the mythical Cyclops.[[/note]] that can still be seen today.
The Bronze Age collapse (from roughly 1200 BCE to 1100 BCE) that affected other Mycenaean sites like Mycenae (and the wider eastern Mediterranean) appears to have spared Athens to some extent. We don't know much of what happened afterwards because of the Greek Dark Ages, where the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_B Linear B]] writing system of Mycenean Greece disappeared and no documents from that period are known [[note]]A "dark age" in a historical context doesn't necessarily means "[[CrapsackWorld things sucked]]" but rather a period with little to no surviving historical documents, meaning we're "in the dark" about this age.[[/note]], but judging by the opulence of certain tombs and the presence of trade goods it seems Athens had recovered to a pretty good shape as early as 900 BCE, while the Dark Ages as a whole are considered to end circa 750 BCE (around the time Creator/{{Homer}} rolls around and writes down tales from the oral tradition such as Literature/TheIliad and Literature/TheOdyssey in a fancy new alphabet borrowed from the Phoenicians).
In 622 BCE, by popular demand (effectively making this a form of proto-democracy) the lawmaker Draco was installed, who immediately began to work on a written constitution and written laws to replace the system of oral law and blood feuds. However Draco's laws proved quite harsh, [[AndNowYouKnow giving us the term]] "draconian". [[FairForItsDay Still]], as harsh as they were, the laws and punishments were at least consistent and ended [[CycleOfRevenge cycles of revenge]].
Athens is famous for installing democracy in 508/507 BC., after its citizens overthrew two tyrants, Hippias and Hipparchus, however other ''polis'' had similar democratic institutions, but Athens' democracy (and especially its beginnings) is the most well-documented. It's not entirely clear if it's the first democracy ever. The father of the Athenian democracy is Cleisthenis, who divided citizens in ten groups based on where they lived, rather than on money, which permanently broke the absolute power of the nobility. While not the only democratic lawmaker of Athens, he's arguably the most important. Before its democratic institutions the rulers of Athens were aristocrats known as ''Archons''. Democracy here meant only male citizens could vote, foreigners (known as ''metics''), women and slaves were effectively shit out of luck, and citizenship was only rarely granted, so people could live for generations in Athens without gaining citizenship. It's estimated that at its peak no more than 30% (usually between 10% to 20%) of Athenians were eligible to vote. Still, the system was fairly progressive in certain ways, as there was no monetary or property ownership requirements, meaning a poor citizen had more political power than a wealthy ''metic'' [[note]]Compare to the UsefulNotes/UnitedKingdom, where the last property requirements were abolished in ''1918'', in Canada they were abolished in the ''1920''[[/note]].
In the lead up to the UsefulNotes/GrecoPersianWars, Athenian struck the silver motherlode in the mines of the Laurion mountains south of Athens. The general and politician Themistocles convinced the Athenian legislature to use this money to fund a huge navy of around 200 triremes, giving Athens a major BadassNavy that allowed it to project influence into the Aegean sea and beyond. [[CommonKnowledge Contrary to the popular image]] of oar-powered ships being crewed by [[SlaveGalley slaves]], ships at the time (at least military ships) were crewed by free men who were well-payed and well-trained (see the Analysis on SlaveGalley for why military slave ships are a bad idea). In fact, poor citizens (who couldn't afford to buy and maintain weapons and armor for military service as a ''hoplite'' (heavy infantry)) often pushed for war because being a rower meant better pay than working class jobs.
The city played a huge role in the UsefulNotes/GrecoPersianWars, which started in 499 BC., when Athens helped its colonies in Asia Minor rebel against UsefulNotes/TheAchaemenidEmpire. The rebellion failed, although the Athenians did manage to burn downSardis.
Sardis.
The Great King, Darius I, furious for this, wanted to punish Athens and Eretria, so he started an Invasion in 492 BC. The Invasion ended in 490 BC., when the Athenians faced the Persian Army at the Battle of Marathon and received a major victory. This victory secured Greece's safety for another tenyears.
years. [[note]]The image of the UsefulNotes/GrecoPersianWars involving all of Greece against all of Persia is largely a result of propaganda. In truth several Greek ''polis'' wanted to remain neutral, or were outright allied with the Persians, Thebes being the most (in)famous example of the latter. The idea of Persia being an existential threat to Greece is similarly largely overblown, as the Achaemenids were generally fairly mild overlords, letting the territories they control keep some local autonomy and their own culture and religion as long as taxes were paid and there were no revolts. That said, when pissed off, the gloves tended to come off, so cities like Athens that were on Persia's shit list would have been in [[RapePillageAndBurn major]] [[MadeASlave trouble]].[[/note]]
During the second invasion (480 BC.), ) Athens and Sparta led a coalition of city states against the Persians, who were led by the king Xerxes who was getting seriously pissed off with the whole wars and wanted to get over it. The coalition's strategy involved [[Film/ThreeHundred 300]] Spartans [[note]]and 6700 soldiers from other cities, but the Spartans kind of took all the credit[[/note]] led by King Leonidas delaying the Persian army at the Battle of Thermopylae while the Athenian navy held back the Persian navy at Artemisium in a stalemate. The eventual defeat at Thermopylae made the naval blockade at Artemisium irrelevant, so the navy retreated at the Saronic Gulf and evacuated Athens civilian population. Athens was burned to the ground, but and the remaining Greek armies fortified at Corinth while their navies held the line at Salamis. This was rebuilt after Greece's LastStand, if either Corinth or Salamis was overrun, the Persians left. now had access to the Peloponnese and it was game over. Themistocles (the guy who came up with the idea of Athens building a navy) lured the (more numerous) Persian navy in a trap at Salamis where the combined Greek fleets [[CurbStompBattle mauled it]] (adding to the Persian casualties was the fact most of them [[SuperDrowningSkills couldn't swim]]). The loss of naval superiority made Xerxes fear that the Greeks would destroy the bridges on the Hellespont [[note]]Connecting Anatolia (modern day Turkey) and Europe[[/note]] and trap him and his forces in Europe, [[KnowWhenToFoldEm so he quickly hauled ass back home]] with the bulk of his troops, leaving behind one of his best [[FourStarBadass generals]] (Mardonius) and his most [[ElitesAreMoreGlamorous elite units]] to try and salvage the war.
The Athenians returned to their burnt city and tried to rebuild, while Mardonius and his forces wintered in Boetia, and returned in 479 BCE to [[HereWeGoAgain raze Athens once again]]. This time the coalition chased the remnants of the Persian forces to the north, and in the nearly simultaneous battles of Platae (on land) and Mycale (at sea) the Persians were defeated for good.
From 478 BC. to 431 BC., Athens became one of the two most powerful city-states in UsefulNotes/AncientGreece (alongside Sparta) and, with Pericles' contribution, enjoyed a period of cultural growth and influence throughout thegreek Greek world, which came to be known as ''"The GoldenAge of Pericles"''.
But things changed when UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar started,Pericles"''. It's during this period (starting in 447 BCE) that Athens built the Parthenon on the sites of an older temple destroyed in 480 BCE, as a way of showing thanks to the goddess Athena for saving their bacon (and also to have a place where they could stash the city's treasury). Fearing ''another'' war with Persia, Athens decided to create a defensive pact with other cities that they would call the Delian League (named after the island of Delos where the League's money was stored). Athens quickly started using the League to further their own imperial ambitions, to the point that the difference between "Athenian Empire" and "Delian League" became effectively nonexistent. To highlight the point Pericles moved the treasury from Delos to Athens.
The threat from the league to Sparta's power, combined with the weaker ''polis'' members of the League who weren't happy with the Athenians using the League's treasury for their own whims, led to UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar, which lasted for 27 years. Long story short, Athens lost to a Sparta-led coalition in 404 BCE and was forced to install an oligarchic system, also known as "The Thirtytyrants", though it retrieved democracy after a harsh period Tyrants", who were in power for 8 months but managed to kill off 5% of fear Athens population through their cruelty and execution.
oppression before an uprising restored the democratic institutions.
Despite these shortcomings, it still remained a big city and a "Centre of Arts and Philosophy", though it had lost its military and political influence. Just like the rest of the greek city-states, it was eventually conquered by the Macedons and replaced its democracy with plutocracy (and [[HowWeGotHere that's how the world's first democracy ended,folks]]).folks]], [[BrieferThanTheyThink having lasted around 185 years]] and it was [[DemocracyIsBad severely]] [[DemocracyIsFlawed critiqued]] for all of its existence, with figures like Creator/{{Plato}} and his pupil Creator/{{Aristotle}} being the most notable. While today Athenian democracy is considered flawed for being too restrictive, [[ValuesDissonance contemporaries generally criticized]] it for being too ''inclusive'' [[note]]The idea being that it usually led to low-information idiots making rash or irrational decisions[[/note]].
It still remained a rich city (though, it had lost its autonomy), until the Romans arrived and, just like every other greek city-state, it turned into a tourist attraction. While it lost its power in [[UsefulNotes/TheByzantineEmpire the Byzantine period]], it regained it in the 9th century AC.… only to lose it again when Constantinople (and the rest of thegreek Greek world) fell to [[UsefulNotes/OttomanEmpire the Ottomans]].
Ottomans]], first in 1397 for a short while, and permanently in 1458. The Sultan Mehmed II was so impressed by the city and its history that he issued an order to not have its monuments damaged on penalty of death, and the Parthenon was turned into a mosque. In the following years Athens [[DyingTown declined in importance]], becoming little more than a small town. In 1687 a task force sent by the Republic of Venice to attack Athens fired a mortar shell that landed on the Parthenon, which was used by the Ottomans as a [[MadeOfExplodium gunpowder storage]]... this is partly why the structure is in relatively poor shape, ''it fucking exploded''.
With the Ottoman Empire gradually declining in power in the 18th century, more and more Europeans visited the city (and Greece in general). This triggered a wave of philhellenism in Europe and many became interested in the cause of Greek Independence. After UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} earned its independence in1830, 1830 from the Ottomans, Athens was merely a small town (the 1833 census giving the population as 4000) full of ancient and Byzantine ruins, while Nafplio hold held the title of "the Capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}". It was anything like its former glory. All this changed when King Otto of Bavaria (a huge ancient Greece nerd who had studied Classical Literature) decided that Athens should be instead, for its glorious past and for being the "Cradle of Hellenic Civilization".
Although there is evidence of settlements as early as around 7000 BCE, Athens became a big important city around 1400 BCE, smack dab in the [[{{Precursors}} Mycenaean period]] of Greece and part of the wider Bronze Age. Athens most likely became important because of its acropolis, where there is archeological evidence of a citadel being built on the naturally defensible hill (like many other Bronze Age cities such as Mycenae, Pylos and Thebes). There is virtually nothing left of these fortifications apart from a wall of Cyclopean masonry [[note]]Cyclopean masonry refers to structures built of limestone boulders with little to no carving stacked up together like "bricks", often with no mortar. It was called as such by the post-Mycenaean Greeks who couldn't believe human hands built these, so they attributed the structures to the mythical Cyclops.[[/note]] that can still be seen today.
The Bronze Age collapse (from roughly 1200 BCE to 1100 BCE) that affected other Mycenaean sites like Mycenae (and the wider eastern Mediterranean) appears to have spared Athens to some extent. We don't know much of what happened afterwards because of the Greek Dark Ages, where the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear_B Linear B]] writing system of Mycenean Greece disappeared and no documents from that period are known [[note]]A "dark age" in a historical context doesn't necessarily means "[[CrapsackWorld things sucked]]" but rather a period with little to no surviving historical documents, meaning we're "in the dark" about this age.[[/note]], but judging by the opulence of certain tombs and the presence of trade goods it seems Athens had recovered to a pretty good shape as early as 900 BCE, while the Dark Ages as a whole are considered to end circa 750 BCE (around the time Creator/{{Homer}} rolls around and writes down tales from the oral tradition such as Literature/TheIliad and Literature/TheOdyssey in a fancy new alphabet borrowed from the Phoenicians).
In 622 BCE, by popular demand (effectively making this a form of proto-democracy) the lawmaker Draco was installed, who immediately began to work on a written constitution and written laws to replace the system of oral law and blood feuds. However Draco's laws proved quite harsh, [[AndNowYouKnow giving us the term]] "draconian". [[FairForItsDay Still]], as harsh as they were, the laws and punishments were at least consistent and ended [[CycleOfRevenge cycles of revenge]].
Athens is famous for installing democracy in 508/507 BC., after its citizens overthrew two tyrants, Hippias and Hipparchus, however other ''polis'' had similar democratic institutions, but Athens' democracy (and especially its beginnings) is the most well-documented. It's not entirely clear if it's the first democracy ever. The father of the Athenian democracy is Cleisthenis, who divided citizens in ten groups based on where they lived, rather than on money, which permanently broke the absolute power of the nobility. While not the only democratic lawmaker of Athens, he's arguably the most important. Before its democratic institutions the rulers of Athens were aristocrats known as ''Archons''. Democracy here meant only male citizens could vote, foreigners (known as ''metics''), women and slaves were effectively shit out of luck, and citizenship was only rarely granted, so people could live for generations in Athens without gaining citizenship. It's estimated that at its peak no more than 30% (usually between 10% to 20%) of Athenians were eligible to vote. Still, the system was fairly progressive in certain ways, as there was no monetary or property ownership requirements, meaning a poor citizen had more political power than a wealthy ''metic'' [[note]]Compare to the UsefulNotes/UnitedKingdom, where the last property requirements were abolished in ''1918'', in Canada they were abolished in the ''1920''[[/note]].
In the lead up to the UsefulNotes/GrecoPersianWars, Athenian struck the silver motherlode in the mines of the Laurion mountains south of Athens. The general and politician Themistocles convinced the Athenian legislature to use this money to fund a huge navy of around 200 triremes, giving Athens a major BadassNavy that allowed it to project influence into the Aegean sea and beyond. [[CommonKnowledge Contrary to the popular image]] of oar-powered ships being crewed by [[SlaveGalley slaves]], ships at the time (at least military ships) were crewed by free men who were well-payed and well-trained (see the Analysis on SlaveGalley for why military slave ships are a bad idea). In fact, poor citizens (who couldn't afford to buy and maintain weapons and armor for military service as a ''hoplite'' (heavy infantry)) often pushed for war because being a rower meant better pay than working class jobs.
The city played a huge role in the UsefulNotes/GrecoPersianWars, which started in 499 BC., when Athens helped its colonies in Asia Minor rebel against UsefulNotes/TheAchaemenidEmpire. The rebellion failed, although the Athenians did manage to burn down
The Great King, Darius I, furious for this, wanted to punish Athens and Eretria, so he started an Invasion in 492 BC. The Invasion ended in 490 BC., when the Athenians faced the Persian Army at the Battle of Marathon and received a major victory. This victory secured Greece's safety for another ten
During the second invasion (480 BC.
The Athenians returned to their burnt city and tried to rebuild, while Mardonius and his forces wintered in Boetia, and returned in 479 BCE to [[HereWeGoAgain raze Athens once again]]. This time the coalition chased the remnants of the Persian forces to the north, and in the nearly simultaneous battles of Platae (on land) and Mycale (at sea) the Persians were defeated for good.
From 478 BC. to 431 BC., Athens became one of the two most powerful city-states in UsefulNotes/AncientGreece (alongside Sparta) and, with Pericles' contribution, enjoyed a period of cultural growth and influence throughout the
But things changed when UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar started,
The threat from the league to Sparta's power, combined with the weaker ''polis'' members of the League who weren't happy with the Athenians using the League's treasury for their own whims, led to UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar, which lasted for 27 years. Long story short, Athens lost to a Sparta-led coalition in 404 BCE and was forced to install an oligarchic system, also known as "The Thirty
Despite these shortcomings, it still remained a big city and a "Centre of Arts and Philosophy", though it had lost its military and political influence. Just like the rest of the greek city-states, it was eventually conquered by the Macedons and replaced its democracy with plutocracy (and [[HowWeGotHere that's how the world's first democracy ended,
It still remained a rich city (though, it had lost its autonomy), until the Romans arrived and, just like every other greek city-state, it turned into a tourist attraction. While it lost its power in [[UsefulNotes/TheByzantineEmpire the Byzantine period]], it regained it in the 9th century AC.… only to lose it again when Constantinople (and the rest of the
With the Ottoman Empire gradually declining in power in the 18th century, more and more Europeans visited the city (and Greece in general). This triggered a wave of philhellenism in Europe and many became interested in the cause of Greek Independence. After UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} earned its independence in
Changed line(s) 79,80 (click to see context) from:
In the years to come, Athens became the pole of attraction for Greeks, who arrived from all parts of the country. It had expanded and now was a city of 140,000 residents with great buildings and important archeological sites, and the commercial and cultural intellectual center of the country. It hold the "Modern UsefulNotes/OlympicGames" twice (first, in 1896 and later, in 2004) and it's now a metropolis.
to:
In the years to come, Athens became the pole of attraction for Greeks, who arrived from all parts of the country. A significant population boost occurred in 1921-1922 when Athens became a refugee camp as a result of war between Turkey and Greece displacing thousands and thousands of ethnic Greeks living in Anatolia. The [[UsefulNotes/NazisWithGnarlyWeapons Germans]] and some Italians occupied the city during UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, causing a famine as part of the [[WarIsHell usual wartime problems]]. It had has since expanded and now was a city of 140,000 residents with great buildings and important archeological sites, and the commercial and cultural intellectual center of the country. It hold held the "Modern UsefulNotes/OlympicGames" twice (first, twice, first, in 1896 and later, in 2004) 2004, after failing to secure the centenary 1996 bid due to rampant pollution problems at the time. Thankfully investments from the European Union yielded a significant improvement in only 8 years and it's has now become a metropolis.
metropolis. Its port (the Piraeus) is the second biggest in the world and the biggest in Europe.
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IUEO now
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Oh, Athens… [[Creator/JohnMilton the eye of Greece, mother of arts and eloquence]]. The Cradle of Western Civilization.[[note]] This title is also given to Mesopotamia.[[/note]] The Cradle of Hellenic Civilization. The birthplace of Democracy. The School of Hellas. The Renaissance city before UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance itself. [[AwesomeMcCoolName The violet-crowned city]]. UsefulNotes/TheGloriousCity. You name it…
to:
Oh, Athens… [[Creator/JohnMilton the eye of Greece, mother of arts and eloquence]]. The Cradle of Western Civilization.[[note]] This title is also given to Mesopotamia.[[/note]] The Cradle of Hellenic Civilization. The birthplace of Democracy. The School of Hellas. The Renaissance city before UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance itself. [[AwesomeMcCoolName The violet-crowned city]].city. UsefulNotes/TheGloriousCity. You name it…
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Useful Notes pages cannot have trope lists: "Similarly, tropes are not to be used to describe the subject of a Useful Notes article directly. "
Changed line(s) 82,95 (click to see context) from:
!!'''Tropes'''
* AdaptationDisplacement: Something that not many people know is Athens was not always the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}. Nafplio was from 1821 to 1834, until King Otto removed its title.
* AffectionateNickname: It has been given two (dare we say, pretty cool) nicknames throughout the centuries: the first one is ''"the violet-crowned city"'' by the Theban poet, Pindar, and the second one is ''"the glorious city"''.
* ArchivePanic: It's a city over 3,000 years old, after all! Have a good time staying up late at night to learn its history!
* AthensAndSparta:
** Their infamous rivalry, which led to UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar (where Sparta won). Nowadays, their rivalry has ended and Sparta has been DemotedToExtra and has accepted Athens as the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} and its largest city. One could say that Athens was the one to emerge victorious in the end.
** Athens today seems to be at odds with its Co-capital, Thessaloniki, a rivalry which itself is constantly parodied on Greek media and has resulted in it being the TropeCodifier in modern UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}, despite the name of the actual trope. The main reason from this stems from the fact that both Athens and Thessaloniki are the country's biggest cities.
* AwesomeMcCoolName: Admit it; how many citied do you know that are named by such a badass goddess that [[Myth/ClassicalMythology Athena]] was!
* GoldenAge: Enjoyed it for a brief time (from 490 to 404 BC, to be more precise), starting from its victory at the Battle of Marathon and ending with its ultimate defeat at The Peloponnesian War.
* HeManWomanHater: Ancient Athens was a notoriously [[HeManWomanHater misogynist]] society. [[ValuesDissonance This wouldn't fly very well to modern days]]. Thankfully, Modern Athens is far more open to women.
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* AdaptationDisplacement: Something that not many people know is Athens was not always the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}. Nafplio was from 1821 to 1834, until King Otto removed its title.
* AffectionateNickname: It has been given two (dare we say, pretty cool) nicknames throughout the centuries: the first one is ''"the violet-crowned city"'' by the Theban poet, Pindar, and the second one is ''"the glorious city"''.
* ArchivePanic: It's a city over 3,000 years old, after all! Have a good time staying up late at night to learn its history!
* AthensAndSparta:
** Their infamous rivalry, which led to UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar (where Sparta won). Nowadays, their rivalry has ended and Sparta has been DemotedToExtra and has accepted Athens as the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} and its largest city. One could say that Athens was the one to emerge victorious in the end.
** Athens today seems to be at odds with its Co-capital, Thessaloniki, a rivalry which itself is constantly parodied on Greek media and has resulted in it being the TropeCodifier in modern UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}, despite the name of the actual trope. The main reason from this stems from the fact that both Athens and Thessaloniki are the country's biggest cities.
* AwesomeMcCoolName: Admit it; how many citied do you know that are named by such a badass goddess that [[Myth/ClassicalMythology Athena]] was!
* GoldenAge: Enjoyed it for a brief time (from 490 to 404 BC, to be more precise), starting from its victory at the Battle of Marathon and ending with its ultimate defeat at The Peloponnesian War.
* HeManWomanHater: Ancient Athens was a notoriously [[HeManWomanHater misogynist]] society. [[ValuesDissonance This wouldn't fly very well to modern days]]. Thankfully, Modern Athens is far more open to women.
----
to:
* AdaptationDisplacement: Something that not many people know is Athens was not always the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}. Nafplio was from 1821 to 1834, until King Otto removed its title.
* AffectionateNickname: It has been given two (dare we say, pretty cool) nicknames throughout the centuries: the first one is ''"the violet-crowned city"'' by the Theban poet, Pindar, and the second one is ''"the glorious city"''.
* ArchivePanic: It's a city over 3,000 years old, after all! Have a good time staying up late at night to learn its history!
* AthensAndSparta:
** Their infamous rivalry, which led to UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar (where Sparta won). Nowadays, their rivalry has ended and Sparta has been DemotedToExtra and has accepted Athens as the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} and its largest city. One could say that Athens was the one to emerge victorious in the end.
** Athens today seems to be at odds with its Co-capital, Thessaloniki, a rivalry which itself is constantly parodied on Greek media and has resulted in it being the TropeCodifier in modern UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}, despite the name of the actual trope. The main reason from this stems from the fact that both Athens and Thessaloniki are the country's biggest cities.
* AwesomeMcCoolName: Admit it; how many citied do you know that are named by such a badass goddess that [[Myth/ClassicalMythology Athena]] was!
* GoldenAge: Enjoyed it for a brief time (from 490 to 404 BC, to be more precise), starting from its victory at the Battle of Marathon and ending with its ultimate defeat at The Peloponnesian War.
* HeManWomanHater: Ancient Athens was a notoriously [[HeManWomanHater misogynist]] society. [[ValuesDissonance This wouldn't fly very well to modern days]]. Thankfully, Modern Athens is far more open to women.
----
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Changed line(s) 87 (click to see context) from:
* AthensAndSparta: Their infamous rivalry, which led to UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar (where Sparta won). Nowadays, their rivalry has ended and Sparta has been DemotedToExtra and has accepted Athens as the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} and its largest city. One could say that Athens was the one to emerge victorious in the end.
to:
* AthensAndSparta: AthensAndSparta:
** Their infamous rivalry, which led to UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar (where Sparta won). Nowadays, their rivalry has ended and Sparta has been DemotedToExtra and has accepted Athens as the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} and its largest city. One could say that Athens was the one to emerge victorious in theend.end.
** Athens today seems to be at odds with its Co-capital, Thessaloniki, a rivalry which itself is constantly parodied on Greek media and has resulted in it being the TropeCodifier in modern UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}, despite the name of the actual trope. The main reason from this stems from the fact that both Athens and Thessaloniki are the country's biggest cities.
** Their infamous rivalry, which led to UsefulNotes/ThePeloponnesianWar (where Sparta won). Nowadays, their rivalry has ended and Sparta has been DemotedToExtra and has accepted Athens as the capital of UsefulNotes/{{Greece}} and its largest city. One could say that Athens was the one to emerge victorious in the
** Athens today seems to be at odds with its Co-capital, Thessaloniki, a rivalry which itself is constantly parodied on Greek media and has resulted in it being the TropeCodifier in modern UsefulNotes/{{Greece}}, despite the name of the actual trope. The main reason from this stems from the fact that both Athens and Thessaloniki are the country's biggest cities.
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[[caption-width-right:350:The Parthenon, or to be more precise, what has remained.]]
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* ''Erotocritos''
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* ''Erotocritos''''ComicBook/{{Erotocritos}}''
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Oh, Athens… [[Creator/JohnMilton the eye of Greece, mother of arts and eloquence]]. The Cradle of Western Civilization.[[note]] This title is also given to Mesopotamia.[[/note]] The Cradle of Hellenic Civilization. The birthplace of Democracy. The School of Hellas. The Renaissance city before UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance itself. [[AwesomeMcCoolName The violet-crowned city]]. [[UsefulNotes/{{Athens}} UsefulNotes/TheGloriousCity]]. You name it…
to:
Oh, Athens… [[Creator/JohnMilton the eye of Greece, mother of arts and eloquence]]. The Cradle of Western Civilization.[[note]] This title is also given to Mesopotamia.[[/note]] The Cradle of Hellenic Civilization. The birthplace of Democracy. The School of Hellas. The Renaissance city before UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance itself. [[AwesomeMcCoolName The violet-crowned city]]. [[UsefulNotes/{{Athens}} UsefulNotes/TheGloriousCity]].UsefulNotes/TheGloriousCity. You name it…
