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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmly intact).
However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmly intact).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. In fact BR (Bayrischer Rundfunk) ''did'' tune out of the running program on several high profile occasions. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmlyintact).
intact). Interestingly ZDF was the result of attempts at establishing a "counterweight" to what the Adenauer administration deemed the "left wing slant" of ARD. Given that Kohl legalized private stations with similar intentions twenty years later the actual effectiveniss is debatable.
However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmly
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system.
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system.
system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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On checking this seems to be more accurate. I\'m not sure about whether deterring West German TV watching was even part of the plan or could possibly have worked.
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- in an ill-fated attempt to stop Easterners watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system.
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though may or may not have doubled as an ill-fated aborted attempt to stop deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system.
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the first colour broadcasts. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system.
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts.broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- in an ill-fated attempt to stop Easterners watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system.
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the first colour broadcasts. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system.
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*** ''DW'' (''Deutsche Welle'', ''German Wave''): The German broadcasting connection to the rest of the world.
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*** ''DW'' (''Deutsche Welle'', ''German Wave''): The German broadcasting connection to the rest of the world. Acquired the television channel of West Berlin broadcaster RIAS (Radio in the American Sector) when it was dissolved in 1992.
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* The RTL group, with RTL, [[RTL2 RTL II]], Super RTL and VOX. (RTL originally meant "Radio Tele UsefulNotes/{{Luxembourg}}" and it originally operated from there but still has their HQ there).
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* The RTL group, with RTL, [[RTL2 [[Creator/RTL2 RTL II]], Super RTL and VOX. (RTL originally meant "Radio Tele UsefulNotes/{{Luxembourg}}" and it originally operated from there but still has their HQ there).
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--> --'''Mike Myers''' as Dieter, host of "Sprockets", from a recurring ''SaturdayNightLive'' sketch
Germany has a peculiar mix of different TV channels as a result of its history after WorldWarTwo. After the downfall of NaziGermany, it was up to the Allies to regulate the German media at the time. Public radio stations were formed, often one station per state, before TheBonnRepublic was founded. These stations then formed the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" ("Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany"), or ARD for short. Some TV channels are made by ARD member stations, others by public or private competitors.
Germany has a peculiar mix of different TV channels as a result of its history after WorldWarTwo. After the downfall of NaziGermany, it was up to the Allies to regulate the German media at the time. Public radio stations were formed, often one station per state, before TheBonnRepublic was founded. These stations then formed the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" ("Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany"), or ARD for short. Some TV channels are made by ARD member stations, others by public or private competitors.
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--> --'''Mike Myers''' as Dieter, host of "Sprockets", from a recurring ''SaturdayNightLive'' ''Series/SaturdayNightLive'' sketch
Germany has a peculiar mix of different TV channels as a result of its history afterWorldWarTwo. UsefulNotes/WorldWarTwo. After the downfall of NaziGermany, UsefulNotes/NaziGermany, it was up to the Allies to regulate the German media at the time. Public radio stations were formed, often one station per state, before TheBonnRepublic was founded. These stations then formed the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" ("Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany"), or ARD for short. Some TV channels are made by ARD member stations, others by public or private competitors.
Germany has a peculiar mix of different TV channels as a result of its history after
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ARD ausgeschrieben
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD'' - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD'' ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle)[[/note]] - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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*** ''RBB'' (''Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg'', ''Berlin - Brandenburg Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for both Brandenburg and it's capital city enclave, Berlin. The youngest of ''the Thirds'', having been opened only in 2003.
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*** ''RBB'' (''Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg'', ''Berlin - Brandenburg Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for both Brandenburg and it's capital city enclave, Berlin. The youngest of ''the Thirds'', having been opened only in 2003. Formed by the merger of ''SFB'' (''Sender Freies Berlin'', ''Channel Free Berlin'') and ''ORB'' (''Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg'', ''East German Broadcasting Brandenburg'')
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Correction of previous own mistakes
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** Einsfestival, tagesschau24 (formerly known as Eins Extra, broadcasts the news magazine of the ARD ''Tagesschau'' ("Daily show" or "Show of the day") from 9 am to 6 pm on business days and 12 pm to 6 pm on the weekend), EinsPlus
** ZDFinfo, ZDF.kultur, zdf_neo
** ZDFinfo, ZDF.kultur, zdf_neo
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** Einsfestival, tagesschau24 (formerly known as Eins Extra, broadcasts the news magazine of the ARD ''Tagesschau'' ("Daily show" or "Show of the day") from 9 am to 6 pm on business days and 12 pm to 6 pm on the weekend), EinsPlus
Eins Plus
**ZDFinfo, ZDF info, ZDF.kultur, zdf_neo
**
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Some info from a german inhabitant.
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** Einsfestival, Eins Extra, Eins Plus
** ZDF info, ZDF.kultur, ZDF neo
** ZDF info, ZDF.kultur, ZDF neo
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** Einsfestival, tagesschau24 (formerly known as Eins Extra, Eins Plus
broadcasts the news magazine of the ARD ''Tagesschau'' ("Daily show" or "Show of the day") from 9 am to 6 pm on business days and 12 pm to 6 pm on the weekend), EinsPlus
**ZDF info, ZDFinfo, ZDF.kultur, ZDF neo
zdf_neo
**
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* The SAT 1/Pro 7 group, with SAT 1, [=ProSieben=] (Pro 7) and Kabel 1, based in Munich.
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* The SAT Sat.1/Pro 7 group, with SAT Sat.1, [=ProSieben=] (Pro 7) and Kabel 1, based in Munich.
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--> '''Mike Myers''' as Dieter, host of "Sprockets", from a recurring ''SaturdayNightLive'' sketch
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--> '''Mike --'''Mike Myers''' as Dieter, host of "Sprockets", from a recurring ''SaturdayNightLive'' sketch
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-> "First of all I would like to welcome two channels that are carrying ''Sprockets'' for the first time: LODR, Leipzig Oster-Deutsch Rundfunk; and FKMS, Fernsehen Karl-Marx-Stadt. Welcome to the ''Sprockets'' family."
--> '''Mike Myers''' as Dieter, host of "Sprockets", from a recurring ''SaturdayNightLive'' sketch
--> '''Mike Myers''' as Dieter, host of "Sprockets", from a recurring ''SaturdayNightLive'' sketch
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*** ''MDR'' (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for three states of former EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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*** ''MDR'' (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for three states of former EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot of GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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** "Das Erste" ("The First") - or just ARD - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
** ZDF ("Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen", "Second German Television") started broadcasting in 1963. In contrast to ARD, ZDF is a single public-law station on the federal level. They also provide co-production assistance for a good deal of shows outside Germany.
** "Die Dritten" ("The Thirds") are channels by the ARD member stations, and original limited to their areas. With the coming of cable TV, now some of them can be received nationwide. Here are some:
** ZDF ("Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen", "Second German Television") started broadcasting in 1963. In contrast to ARD, ZDF is a single public-law station on the federal level. They also provide co-production assistance for a good deal of shows outside Germany.
** "Die Dritten" ("The Thirds") are channels by the ARD member stations, and original limited to their areas. With the coming of cable TV, now some of them can be received nationwide. Here are some:
to:
** "Das Erste" ("The First") ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ARD ''ARD'' - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
**ZDF ("Zweites ''ZDF'' (''Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen", Fernsehen'', "Second German Television") started broadcasting in 1963. In contrast to ARD, ZDF is a single public-law station on the federal level. They also provide co-production assistance for a good deal of shows outside Germany.
**"Die Dritten" ("The Thirds") ''Die Dritten'' (''The Thirds'') are channels by the ARD member stations, and original limited to their areas. With the coming of cable TV, now some of them can be received nationwide. Here are some:They are:
**
**
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*** ''MDR'' ('' Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for three states of former EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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*** ''MDR'' ('' Mitteldeutscher (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for three states of former EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's state broadcaster. The oldest among ''the Thirds'', having begun broadcasting right after the war in 1945.
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*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's state broadcaster. The oldest among ''the Thirds'', having begun broadcasting right after the war in 1945.
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*** ''RB'' (''Radio Bremen''): Bremen's state broadcaster.
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*** ''RB'' (''Radio Bremen''): Bremen's state broadcaster. The oldest among ''the Thirds'', having begun broadcasting right after the war in 1945.
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*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's state broadcaster.
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*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's state broadcaster. The oldest among ''the Thirds'', having begun broadcasting right after the war in 1945.
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** "Das Erste" ("The First") - or just ARD - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly: Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NRW, SH, Hamburg and MV) Südwestrundfunk (BW and RP), and Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin).
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** "Das Erste" ("The First") - or just ARD - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly: Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NRW, SH, Hamburg and MV) Südwestrundfunk (BW and RP), and Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin).jointly.
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*** ''DW'' (''Deutsche Welle'', ''German Wave''): The German broadcasting connection to the rest of the world.
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*** ''WDR'' (''Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', ''West German Broadcasting''): NorthRhine-Westphalia's state broadcaster.
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*** ''WDR'' (''Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', ''West German Broadcasting''): NorthRhine-Westphalia's North Rhine-Westphalia's state broadcaster.broadcaster.
*** ''DW'' (''Deutsche Welle'', ''German Wave''): The German broadcasting connection to the rest of the world.
*** ''DW'' (''Deutsche Welle'', ''German Wave''): The German broadcasting connection to the rest of the world.
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*** ''MDR'' ('' Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for the former EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot GermanHumour), sans Berlin and Brandenburg; Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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*** ''MDR'' ('' Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for the three states of former EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot GermanHumour), sans Berlin and Brandenburg; GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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*** ''MDR'' ('' Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for the [[{{GDR}} youngest German states]], sans Berlin and Brandenburg; Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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*** ''MDR'' ('' Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for the [[{{GDR}} youngest German states]], former EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot GermanHumour), sans Berlin and Brandenburg; Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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** "Die Dritten" ("The Thirds") are channels by the ARD member stations, and original limited to their areas. With the coming of cable TV, now some of them can be received nationwide.
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** "Die Dritten" ("The Thirds") are channels by the ARD member stations, and original limited to their areas. With the coming of cable TV, now some of them can be received nationwide. Here are some:
*** ''BR'' (''Bayerischer Rundfunk'', ''Bavarian Broadcasting''): Bavaria's state broadcaster.
*** ''DW'' (''Deutsche Welle'', ''German Wave''): The German broadcasting connection to the rest of the world.
*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's state broadcaster.
*** ''MDR'' ('' Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for the [[{{GDR}} youngest German states]], sans Berlin and Brandenburg; Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
*** ''NDR'' (''Norddeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Northern German Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster of Germany's most northern states; Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
*** ''RB'' (''Radio Bremen''): Bremen's state broadcaster.
*** ''RBB'' (''Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg'', ''Berlin - Brandenburg Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for both Brandenburg and it's capital city enclave, Berlin. The youngest of ''the Thirds'', having been opened only in 2003.
*** ''SR'' (''Saarländischer Rundfunk'', ''Saarland Broadcasting''): The state broadcaster for Saarland.
*** ''SWR'' (''Südwestrundfunk'', ''Southwest Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for Germany's Southern states, sans Bavaria; Baden-Württenberg and Rhineland-Palatinate.
*** ''WDR'' (''Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', ''West German Broadcasting''): NorthRhine-Westphalia's state broadcaster.
*** ''BR'' (''Bayerischer Rundfunk'', ''Bavarian Broadcasting''): Bavaria's state broadcaster.
*** ''DW'' (''Deutsche Welle'', ''German Wave''): The German broadcasting connection to the rest of the world.
*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's state broadcaster.
*** ''MDR'' ('' Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for the [[{{GDR}} youngest German states]], sans Berlin and Brandenburg; Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
*** ''NDR'' (''Norddeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Northern German Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster of Germany's most northern states; Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
*** ''RB'' (''Radio Bremen''): Bremen's state broadcaster.
*** ''RBB'' (''Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg'', ''Berlin - Brandenburg Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for both Brandenburg and it's capital city enclave, Berlin. The youngest of ''the Thirds'', having been opened only in 2003.
*** ''SR'' (''Saarländischer Rundfunk'', ''Saarland Broadcasting''): The state broadcaster for Saarland.
*** ''SWR'' (''Südwestrundfunk'', ''Southwest Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for Germany's Southern states, sans Bavaria; Baden-Württenberg and Rhineland-Palatinate.
*** ''WDR'' (''Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', ''West German Broadcasting''): NorthRhine-Westphalia's state broadcaster.
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market).
market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded).
funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions, who can take it or leave it and fill the timeslots with their own stuff if they want. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded).
to:
To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions, who can take it or leave it and fill the timeslots with their own stuff if they want.regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded).
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However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmly intact).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions, who can take it or leave it and fill the timeslots with their own stuff if they want. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could ever take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded).
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Germany has a peculiar mix of different TV channels as a result of its history after WorldWarTwo. After the downfall of NaziGermany, it was up to the Allies to regulate the German media at the time. Public radio stations were formed, often one station per state, before TheBonnRepublic was founded. These stations then formed the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" ("Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany"), or ARD for short. Some TV channels are made by ARD member stations, others by public or private competitors.
[[index]]
'''Public TV channels'''
* Channels from before cable TV:
** "Das Erste" ("The First") - or just ARD - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly: Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NRW, SH, Hamburg and MV) Südwestrundfunk (BW and RP), and Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin).
** ZDF ("Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen", "Second German Television") started broadcasting in 1963. In contrast to ARD, ZDF is a single public-law station on the federal level. They also provide co-production assistance for a good deal of shows outside Germany.
** "Die Dritten" ("The Thirds") are channels by the ARD member stations, and original limited to their areas. With the coming of cable TV, now some of them can be received nationwide.
* New public channels (supported with content from both ARD and ZDF):
** 3sat, a German-language channel made in cooperation by the public TV stations in Germany, UsefulNotes/{{Austria}} and UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}.
** arte, a German- and French-language made in cooperation by the public TV stations in Germany and UsefulNotes/{{France}}. Foreign content is either dubbed by translators or subtitled.
** "Kika" ("Kinderkanal", "Children's channel") is a channel mostly for children up to 13, and has programming from 6 am to 9 pm.
** "Phoenix" the C-Span equivalent for uncut parliament footage and more in-depth discussion rounds.
*** It should be noted that the German parliament has its own TV channel broadcasting all parliament footage live, but (nearly?) no TV provider carries it, though it is available on the internet.
* Even newer (and experimental) digital channels (forked from ARD or ZDF):
** Einsfestival, Eins Extra, Eins Plus
** ZDF info, ZDF.kultur, ZDF neo
'''Commercial TV channels'''
Originally there were a lot of different channels, and every owner was limited to one "full program" channel, but behind the scenes today's landscape formed, dominated by two groups:
* The RTL group, with RTL, [[RTL2 RTL II]], Super RTL and VOX. (RTL originally meant "Radio Tele UsefulNotes/{{Luxembourg}}" and it originally operated from there but still has their HQ there).
* The SAT 1/Pro 7 group, with SAT 1, [=ProSieben=] (Pro 7) and Kabel 1, based in Munich.
[[/index]]
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[[index]]
'''Public TV channels'''
* Channels from before cable TV:
** "Das Erste" ("The First") - or just ARD - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly: Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NRW, SH, Hamburg and MV) Südwestrundfunk (BW and RP), and Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg (ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin).
** ZDF ("Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen", "Second German Television") started broadcasting in 1963. In contrast to ARD, ZDF is a single public-law station on the federal level. They also provide co-production assistance for a good deal of shows outside Germany.
** "Die Dritten" ("The Thirds") are channels by the ARD member stations, and original limited to their areas. With the coming of cable TV, now some of them can be received nationwide.
* New public channels (supported with content from both ARD and ZDF):
** 3sat, a German-language channel made in cooperation by the public TV stations in Germany, UsefulNotes/{{Austria}} and UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}.
** arte, a German- and French-language made in cooperation by the public TV stations in Germany and UsefulNotes/{{France}}. Foreign content is either dubbed by translators or subtitled.
** "Kika" ("Kinderkanal", "Children's channel") is a channel mostly for children up to 13, and has programming from 6 am to 9 pm.
** "Phoenix" the C-Span equivalent for uncut parliament footage and more in-depth discussion rounds.
*** It should be noted that the German parliament has its own TV channel broadcasting all parliament footage live, but (nearly?) no TV provider carries it, though it is available on the internet.
* Even newer (and experimental) digital channels (forked from ARD or ZDF):
** Einsfestival, Eins Extra, Eins Plus
** ZDF info, ZDF.kultur, ZDF neo
'''Commercial TV channels'''
Originally there were a lot of different channels, and every owner was limited to one "full program" channel, but behind the scenes today's landscape formed, dominated by two groups:
* The RTL group, with RTL, [[RTL2 RTL II]], Super RTL and VOX. (RTL originally meant "Radio Tele UsefulNotes/{{Luxembourg}}" and it originally operated from there but still has their HQ there).
* The SAT 1/Pro 7 group, with SAT 1, [=ProSieben=] (Pro 7) and Kabel 1, based in Munich.
[[/index]]
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