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Page was movedfrom UsefulNotes.German TV Stations to MediaNotes.German TV Stations. Null edit to update page.
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During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which originally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden and the area around the island of Rügen on the eastern part of East Germany's Baltic coast.[[note]]The Dresden area was nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason. It also spawned an alternate interpretation of the ARD acronym: "Außer Raum Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except greater Dresden" - or "Außer Rügen und Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except Rügen and Dresden".[[/note]] This prompted DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which originally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, [=DFF2=], in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden and the area around the island of Rügen on the eastern part of East Germany's Baltic coast.[[note]]The Dresden area was nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason. It also spawned an alternate interpretation of the ARD acronym: "Außer Raum Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except greater Dresden" - or "Außer Rügen und Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except Rügen and Dresden".[[/note]] This prompted DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. In fact BR (Bayrischer Rundfunk) ''did'' tune out of the running program on several high-profile occasions. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
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To rest of the European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. In fact BR (Bayrischer Rundfunk) ''did'' tune out of the running program on several high-profile occasions. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
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Long Title has been disambiguated
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle) - this is ''Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state is covered by a separate ARD broadcaster, as some of them cover multiple states.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle) - this is ''Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state is covered by a separate ARD broadcaster, as some of them cover multiple states.
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--> --'''Mike Myers''' as Dieter, host of "Sprockets", from a recurring ''Series/SaturdayNightLive'' sketch
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. In fact BR (Bayrischer Rundfunk) ''did'' tune out of the running program on several high profile occasions. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmly intact). Interestingly ZDF was the result of attempts at establishing a "counterweight" to what the Adenauer administration deemed the "left wing slant" of ARD. Given that Kohl legalized private stations with similar intentions twenty years later the actual effectiveniss is debatable.
During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden and the area around the island of Rügen on the eastern part of East Germany's Baltic coast.[[note]]The Dresden area was nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason. It also spawned an alternate interpretation of the ARD acronym: "Außer Raum Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except greater Dresden" - or "Außer Rügen und Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except Rügen and Dresden".[[/note]] This prompted DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmly intact). Interestingly ZDF was the result of attempts at establishing a "counterweight" to what the Adenauer administration deemed the "left wing slant" of ARD. Given that Kohl legalized private stations with similar intentions twenty years later the actual effectiveniss is debatable.
During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden and the area around the island of Rügen on the eastern part of East Germany's Baltic coast.[[note]]The Dresden area was nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason. It also spawned an alternate interpretation of the ARD acronym: "Außer Raum Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except greater Dresden" - or "Außer Rügen und Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except Rügen and Dresden".[[/note]] This prompted DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
to:
To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. In fact BR (Bayrischer Rundfunk) ''did'' tune out of the running program on several high profile high-profile occasions. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmly intact). Interestingly ZDF was the result of attempts at establishing a "counterweight" to what the Adenauer administration deemed the"left wing "left-wing slant" of ARD. Given that Kohl legalized private stations with similar intentions twenty years later the actual effectiveniss effectiveness is debatable.
During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) whichorignally originally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden and the area around the island of Rügen on the eastern part of East Germany's Baltic coast.[[note]]The Dresden area was nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason. It also spawned an alternate interpretation of the ARD acronym: "Außer Raum Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except greater Dresden" - or "Außer Rügen und Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except Rügen and Dresden".[[/note]] This prompted DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
However, as the Bonn Republic matured, it became increasingly clear that these protections were not really necessary. This is how ''ZDF''--a single unified national broadcaster--was formed (albeit leaving ''Das Erste''--the original ARD structure--firmly intact). Interestingly ZDF was the result of attempts at establishing a "counterweight" to what the Adenauer administration deemed the
During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which
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** 3sat, a German-language channel made in cooperation by the public TV stations in Germany, UsefulNotes/{{Austria}} and UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}.
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** 3sat, a German-language channel made in cooperation by with the public TV stations in Germany, UsefulNotes/{{Austria}} and UsefulNotes/{{Switzerland}}.
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* The RTL group, with RTL, [[Creator/RTL2 RTL II]], Super RTL and VOX. (RTL originally meant "Radio Tele UsefulNotes/{{Luxembourg}}" and it originally operated from there but still has their HQ there).
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* The RTL group, with RTL, [[Creator/RTL2 RTL II]], Super RTL and VOX. (RTL originally meant "Radio Tele UsefulNotes/{{Luxembourg}}" and it originally operated from there but still has their its HQ there).
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*** ''NDR'' (''Norddeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Northern German Broadcasting''): The unified broadcaster of Germany's most northern states; Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
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*** ''NDR'' (''Norddeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Northern German Broadcasting''): The unified broadcaster of Germany's most northern states; Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (M-V having joined the other two after reunification).
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*** ''RBB'' (''Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg'', ''Berlin - Brandenburg Broadcasting''): The unified broadcaster for both Brandenburg and its capital city enclave, Berlin. The youngest of ''the Thirds'', having been opened only in 2003. Formed by the merger of ''SFB'' (''Sender Freies Berlin'', ''Channel Free Berlin'') and ''ORB'' (''Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg'', ''East German Broadcasting Brandenburg'')
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*** ''RBB'' (''Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg'', ''Berlin - Brandenburg Broadcasting''): The unified broadcaster for both Brandenburg and its capital city enclave, Berlin. The youngest of ''the Thirds'', having been opened only in 2003. Formed by the merger of ''SFB'' (''Sender Freies Berlin'', ''Channel Free Berlin'') and ''ORB'' (''Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg'', ''East German Broadcasting Brandenburg'')Brandenburg''). SFB had been West Berlin's broadcaster during the Cold War, but for various reasons it did not immediately merge with the newly established broadcaster for the surrounding state of Brandenburg until 2003.
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During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason. It also spawned an alternate interpretation of the ARD acronym: "Außer Raum Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except greater Dresden"[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
to:
During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed Dresden and the area around the island of Rügen on the eastern part of East Germany's Baltic coast.[[note]]The Dresden area was nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason. It also spawned an alternate interpretation of the ARD acronym: "Außer Raum Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except greater Dresden"[[/note]], prompting Dresden" - or "Außer Rügen und Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except Rügen and Dresden".[[/note]] This prompted DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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typo
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*** ''SWR'' (''Südwestrundfunk'', ''Southwest Broadcasting''): The unified broadcaster for Germany's Southern states, sans Bavaria; Baden-Württenberg and Rhineland-Palatinate.
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*** ''SWR'' (''Südwestrundfunk'', ''Southwest Broadcasting''): The unified broadcaster for Germany's Southern states, sans Bavaria; Baden-Württenberg Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate.
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There are no "state" broadcasters in Germany precisely because of the Nazi history. The ARD broadcasters as well as ZDF have a distinct public law status.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle) - this is ''Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle) - this is ''Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own is covered by a separate ARD broadcaster, as some states operate of them jointly.cover multiple states.
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*** ''BR'' (''Bayerischer Rundfunk'', ''Bavarian Broadcasting''): Bavaria's state broadcaster.
*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's state broadcaster.
*** ''MDR'' (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for three states of former UsefulNotes/EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot of GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
*** ''NDR'' (''Norddeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Northern German Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster of Germany's most northern states; Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's state broadcaster.
*** ''MDR'' (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for three states of former UsefulNotes/EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot of GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
*** ''NDR'' (''Norddeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Northern German Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster of Germany's most northern states; Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
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*** ''BR'' (''Bayerischer Rundfunk'', ''Bavarian Broadcasting''): Bavaria's state broadcaster.
*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse'sstate broadcaster.
*** ''MDR'' (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unifiedstate broadcaster for three states of former UsefulNotes/EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot of GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
*** ''NDR'' (''Norddeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Northern German Broadcasting''): The unifiedstate broadcaster of Germany's most northern states; Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein and Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.
*** ''HR'' (''Hessischer Rundfunk'', ''Hessian Broadcasting''): Hesse's
*** ''MDR'' (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified
*** ''NDR'' (''Norddeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Northern German Broadcasting''): The unified
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*** ''RBB'' (''Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg'', ''Berlin - Brandenburg Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for both Brandenburg and it's capital city enclave, Berlin. The youngest of ''the Thirds'', having been opened only in 2003. Formed by the merger of ''SFB'' (''Sender Freies Berlin'', ''Channel Free Berlin'') and ''ORB'' (''Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg'', ''East German Broadcasting Brandenburg'')
*** ''SR'' (''Saarländischer Rundfunk'', ''Saarland Broadcasting''): The state broadcaster for Saarland.
*** ''SWR'' (''Südwestrundfunk'', ''Southwest Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for Germany's Southern states, sans Bavaria; Baden-Württenberg and Rhineland-Palatinate.
*** ''WDR'' (''Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', ''West German Broadcasting''): North Rhine-Westphalia's state broadcaster.
*** ''SR'' (''Saarländischer Rundfunk'', ''Saarland Broadcasting''): The state broadcaster for Saarland.
*** ''SWR'' (''Südwestrundfunk'', ''Southwest Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for Germany's Southern states, sans Bavaria; Baden-Württenberg and Rhineland-Palatinate.
*** ''WDR'' (''Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', ''West German Broadcasting''): North Rhine-Westphalia's state broadcaster.
to:
*** ''RBB'' (''Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg'', ''Berlin - Brandenburg Broadcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for both Brandenburg and it's its capital city enclave, Berlin. The youngest of ''the Thirds'', having been opened only in 2003. Formed by the merger of ''SFB'' (''Sender Freies Berlin'', ''Channel Free Berlin'') and ''ORB'' (''Ostdeutscher Rundfunk Brandenburg'', ''East German Broadcasting Brandenburg'')
*** ''SR'' (''Saarländischer Rundfunk'', ''Saarland Broadcasting''): Thestate broadcaster for Saarland.
*** ''SWR'' (''Südwestrundfunk'', ''Southwest Broadcasting''): The unifiedstate broadcaster for Germany's Southern states, sans Bavaria; Baden-Württenberg and Rhineland-Palatinate.
*** ''WDR'' (''Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', ''West German Broadcasting''): North Rhine-Westphalia'sstate broadcaster.
*** ''SR'' (''Saarländischer Rundfunk'', ''Saarland Broadcasting''): The
*** ''SWR'' (''Südwestrundfunk'', ''Southwest Broadcasting''): The unified
*** ''WDR'' (''Westdeutscher Rundfunk'', ''West German Broadcasting''): North Rhine-Westphalia's
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-> "First of all I would like to welcome two channels that are carrying ''Sprockets'' for the first time: LODR, Leipzig Oster-Deutsch Rundfunk; and FKMS, Fernsehen Karl-Marx-Stadt. Welcome to the ''Sprockets'' family."
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** ard-alpha, quite possibly ''the'' most obscure and niche of all mainstream subsidiaries, but is [[KeepCirculatingTheTapes very popular]] for showing an episode of Series/TheJoyOfPainting every evening
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** ard-alpha, quite possibly ''the'' most obscure and niche of all mainstream subsidiaries, but is [[KeepCirculatingTheTapes very popular]] for showing an episode of Series/TheJoyOfPainting every eveningevening.
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During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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During the Cold War, UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], reason. It also spawned an alternate interpretation of the ARD acronym: "Außer Raum Dresden" - "(Everywhere) Except greater Dresden"[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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[[/index]]
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** ard-alpha, quite possibly ''the'' most obscure and niche of all mainstream subsidiaries, but is [[KeepCirculatingTheTapes very popular]] for showing an episode of Series/TheJoyOfPainting every evening
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** [[Main/GratuitousEnglish One]] (formerly known gesagt Einsfestival), tagesschau24 (formerly known as Eins Extra, broadcasts the news magazine of the ARD ''Tagesschau'' ("Daily show" or "Show of the day") from 9 am to 6 pm on business days and 12 pm to 6 pm on the weekend), Eins Plus (now defunct)
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** [[Main/GratuitousEnglish One]] (formerly known gesagt as Einsfestival), tagesschau24 (formerly known as Eins Extra, broadcasts the news magazine of the ARD ''Tagesschau'' ("Daily show" or "Show of the day") from 9 am to 6 pm on business days and 12 pm to 6 pm on the weekend), Eins Plus (now defunct)
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** Einsfestival, tagesschau24 (formerly known as Eins Extra, broadcasts the news magazine of the ARD ''Tagesschau'' ("Daily show" or "Show of the day") from 9 am to 6 pm on business days and 12 pm to 6 pm on the weekend), Eins Plus
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** Einsfestival, [[Main/GratuitousEnglish One]] (formerly known gesagt Einsfestival), tagesschau24 (formerly known as Eins Extra, broadcasts the news magazine of the ARD ''Tagesschau'' ("Daily show" or "Show of the day") from 9 am to 6 pm on business days and 12 pm to 6 pm on the weekend), Eins PlusPlus (now defunct)
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** ARD and ZDF now produce over 60 [[Website/YouTube Youtube-channels]] under the cooperative name of "funk"
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle) - this is ''Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle) - this is ''Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. In fact BR (Bayrischer Rundfunk) ''did'' tune out of the running program on several high profile occasions. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
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To European eyes, the German television system can seem rather weird. Rather than have a single national public broadcaster, there are multiple regional public broadcasters, which all produce their own content and then send it to other regions. While to some degree this is a recognition of the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland [[UsefulNotes/TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland federal structure]] of Germany, it is also an attempt by the Allies to ensure that a national PropagandaMachine like that used by the Nazis could never again take hold in Germany: if one regional broadcaster started pumping out extremist propaganda, the other broadcasters could simply refuse to transmit it and program their own material instead. In fact BR (Bayrischer Rundfunk) ''did'' tune out of the running program on several high profile occasions. This system, rather interestingly to historians of broadcasting, inspired the system used by Creator/{{PBS}} in the United States, albeit with the bulk of funding coming from direct viewer contributions rather than a television license fee (which is how ARD is funded) and with a far finer division of the country (with multiple markets per state and multiple stations per market, as opposed to the occasional fusion of regional broadcasters in the ARD).
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany UsefulNotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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*** ''MDR'' (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for three states of former EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot of GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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*** ''MDR'' (''Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk'', ''Central German Bradcasting''): The unified state broadcaster for three states of former EastGermany UsefulNotes/EastGermany (and thus a target of a lot of GermanHumour); Thuringia, Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt.
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Germany has a peculiar mix of different TV channels as a result of its history after UsefulNotes/WorldWarTwo. After the downfall of UsefulNotes/NaziGermany, it was up to the Allies to regulate the German media at the time. Public radio stations were formed, often one station per state, before TheBonnRepublic was founded. These stations then formed the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" ("Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany"), or ARD for short. Some TV channels are made by ARD member stations, others by public or private competitors.
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Germany has a peculiar mix of different TV channels as a result of its history after UsefulNotes/WorldWarTwo. After the downfall of UsefulNotes/NaziGermany, it was up to the Allies to regulate the German media at the time. Public radio stations were formed, often one station per state, before TheBonnRepublic UsefulNotes/TheBonnRepublic was founded. These stations then formed the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland" ("Consortium of public-law broadcasting institutions of the Federal Republic of Germany"), or ARD for short. Some TV channels are made by ARD member stations, others by public or private competitors.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle) - this is '"Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle) - this is '"Erste'''s ''Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle)[[/note]] - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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** ''Das Erste'' (''The First'') - or just ''ARD''[[note]]'''A'''rbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen '''R'''undfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik '''D'''eutschland - Workingcommunity of the pubic legislated broadcasting-facilities of the federal republic of Germany (a LongTitle)[[/note]] LongTitle) - this is '"Erste'''s owner and frequently used metonym[[/note]], formal (seldom used) name ''Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen'' ("First German Television") - started broadcasting in 1952. Each part of the programme is made by one of the member stations (who form a so-called gremium (or "elder council") to democratically decide the programme between the [[TheSixteenLandsOfDeutschland Bundesländer]]), and then broadcasted by all member stations. Not every state has its own ARD broadcaster, as some states operate them jointly.
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
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During the Cold War, Usefulnotes/EastGermany had its own television system provided by the state broadcaster, originally called DFF (Deutscher Fernsehfunk) and later DDR-FS (Fernsehen der DDR) which orignally operated a single channel, later adding a second, DFF2, in 1969 which contained the country's first colour broadcasts[[note]]using the French-orignated SECAM system instead of the PAL used in the West- this being the standard in the Eastern Bloc, though this may or may not have doubled as an aborted attempt to deter Easterners from watching West German TV[[/note]]. (All this didn't stop East Germans from clandestinely picking up and watching West German stations, which could be picked up in all but a few regions such as Dresden[[note]]nicknamed ''Tal der Ahnungslosen'' or "Valley of the Clueless" for this reason[[/note]], prompting DFF to put out the propaganda programme ''Der schwarze Kanal'' to provide regime-sanctioned commentary on Western news reports.) Soon after reunification, the DFF/DDR-FS was abolished and the former East German states were subsumed into the West German broadcasting system[[note]]specifically, DFF 1 had its frequencies taken over by ARD[=/=]''Das Erste'' and DFF 2 by the short-lived regional "DFF Länderkette" stations which were in turn replaced by new regional broadcasters and ARD member-stations[[/note]].
