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Although Jeff stands out as being "more" rule-breaking, it's kind of a given of any genre involving cards that they're always breaking or changing the ordinary game rules. Even Electro and Sandman like you mentioned change the ordinary game rules.
This reminded me of something, and I found it on UsefulNotes.Magic The Gathering — at the top of the page, it discusses resolution of conflicts between cards and game rules, and cards that allow and cards that prohibit. There are no tropes linked from those phrases. Ultimately it feels like "cards have card text" and "conflicting card text has to be resolved in something's favor".
Mechanically Unusual Fighter or Mechanically Unusual Class.
Edited by TMH-Sir-Iron-Vomit Oo oo ah ah
^ I think the former fits better because it's not a class, but just a single card.
This deaf, dumb and blind kid sure plays a mean pinball.
When browsing MARVEL SNAP, I stumbled across this.
My Rules Are Not Your Rules: So long as there's a location to go to, Jeff the Baby Land Shark can be played or moved into it. This includes bucking a Sandman or Electro's restrictive "only play 1 card a turn" ongoings, allowing his user to play him and another card during the same turn provided they have enough energy. He can also move into and out of locations where cards can't be added nor removed, such as the locations where Prof. X is. Reading through the trope itself, I saw that this applies to video game AI. This isn't AI. I wonder if there's a trope relating to things in games whether player character or item bends a certain rule.