The Etruscans were an ancient civilization that thrived in central Italy before the rise of Ancient Rome. They left behind a rich cultural and artistic legacy, known for their advanced metalwork, pottery, and distinctive language. The Etruscans greatly influenced the Roman civilization that started with The Roman Kingdom, particularly in areas such as religion, architecture, and urban planning. Despite their significance, much of their history and culture remains shrouded in mystery due to the limited surviving written records.
What we do know about the Etruscans is that they inhabited the Italian peninsula from around the 8th century BCE to the 3rd century BCE. They had a unique language and script, but most of their writings have been lost. They were skilled artisans known for their intricate metalwork, pottery, and elaborate tombs.
The early history of the rise of Rome includes conflicts with the Etruscans, who were a dominant cultural and political force in central Italy. The Romans adopted elements of Etruscan culture, such as the use of the arch in construction and the practice of divination.
According to Roman tradition, the Etruscans ruled over Rome for a period in the 6th century BCE. This era, known as the "Etruscan Kingship", is a mix of historical facts and legendary accounts. Some of the early Roman kings are said to have been of Etruscan origin.
Ironically it was under an Etruscan Roman King that the Romans engaged in conflicts with various Etruscan city-states, such as Veii, Tarquinii, and Clusium. The most famous of these conflicts was the prolonged siege of Veii, which eventually led to Rome's victory and the fall of the city in 396 BCE.
At times, Rome also formed alliances or treaties with Etruscan cities against common enemies, such as the Gauls. These alliances could be pragmatic and temporary, reflecting the complex political landscape of the time.
Over time, the influence of the Etruscans waned as Rome grew in power and expanded its territory. The Roman Republic eventually absorbed Etruscan city-states and territories, leading to the assimilation of Etruscan culture into Roman society.
Media about or mentioning the Etruscans:
Comic Books:
Films:
- Duel of Champions (Italian: Orazi e Curiazi), 1961 Italian film.
- Amazons of Rome, 1961 Italian film.
Live Action Television:
- Batman (1966): The episode "Catwoman's Dressed To Kill" involves a threat to steal a priceless collection of Etruscan snoods.
Video Games:
- Hegemony III: Clash of the Ancients covers the struggles between the Romans, Etruscans, Gallics, and Greeks before the rise of Rome.
- Total War: Rome II has the Etruscans as a playable faction in the Expansion Pack Rise of the Republic.
