Carry On Spying parodies the film with the Vienna setting, a man emerging from a sewage manhole and the black-and-white cinematography.
The Long Goodbye contains several allusions. Marlowe, Terry and Eileen have similarities to that film's main characters, some of the plot points are the same, a cat figures into both stories, both films have scores based on variations of one song, and ultimately the ending where Marlowe walks past Eileen parodies and inverts the famous final scene. Here, The Hero walks past and ignores the Femme Fatale and rather than being melancholy and serious, Marlowe is in a good mood.
Miller's Crossing contains several nods to the film, particularly the ending and many camera angles.
The Departed's scene in the graveyard has significant visual parallels with the scene where Anna walks past Holly, who stands on one side. Only here she's mourning The Hero rather than the villain.
Literature
The title of The Fourth Bear is a reference to The Third Man. Like the movie, the book features a suspicious accident that has evidence pointing to a mysterious character who might have been there...
From Russia with Love. While Evil Gloating about the plan to fake James Bond's Murder-Suicide to embarrass British Intelligence, Red Grant admits the plan has some flaws (what if someone remembers seeing Red with Bond, for instance) but a bit of Third Man mystery will only help fuel the newsworthy scandal.
Live-Action TV
The BBC spy-comedy mini-series Sleepers involves the KGB (among others) trying to find a couple of KGB sleeper agents who have gone on the run. At one point they get hold of a photo of them holding a stuffed toy animal, and the KGB woman says sarcastically, "Maybe that's the Third Man!"
In the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Business as Usual", Gaila's speech to Quark about whether Quark (working as a Arms Dealer) should care about some people he doesn't know and will never meet is very similar to Harry Lime's speech.
The Professionals. In "A Stirring of Dust", Bodie complains that Cowley's meeting with his KGB opposite number is right out of The Third Man. The episode involves the hunt for an unidentified "Fourth Man" in a defunct KGB spy ring.
Music
Third Man Records, the record label founded by Jack White, gets its name from this film.
