History UsefulNotes / TheMexicanRevolution

The Mexican Revolution was a conflict that raged (obviously) over UsefulNotes/{{Mexico}} starting in [[UsefulNotes/TheEdwardianEra 1910]] and ending...well...anywhere from [[UsefulNotes/TheRoaringTwenties 1920]] (with the military triumph and Álvaro Obregón) to [[UsefulNotes/TheForties 1940]] (with the succession of Lázaro Cárdenas and the realization of many of the social promises of the revolution). It's considered the bloodiest conflict ever fought on Mexican soil (or, if you take the number of displaced, exiled, and disappeared people into the equation, the bloodiest fought on North American soil), with over one million casualties. (The other contender for the dubious title is UsefulNotes/TheAmericanCivilWar,[[note]]Which had more confirmed deaths but depending on how one counts may have had fewer overall casualties.[[/note]] in case you were wondering.) It's also notable as the first social revolution of the 20th century, beating the [[UsefulNotes/RedOctober October Revolution]] by seven years. All of this war can be summed up in the following phases:

The Mexican Revolution was a conflict that raged (obviously) over UsefulNotes/{{Mexico}} starting in [[UsefulNotes/TheEdwardianEra 1910]] and ending...well...anywhere from [[UsefulNotes/TheRoaringTwenties 1920]] (with the military triumph and Álvaro Obregón) to [[UsefulNotes/TheForties 1940]] (with the succession of Lázaro Cárdenas and the realization of many of the social promises of the revolution). It's considered the bloodiest conflict ever fought on Mexican soil (or, if you take the number of displaced, exiled, and disappeared people into the equation, the bloodiest fought on North American soil), with over one million casualties. (The other contender for the dubious title is UsefulNotes/TheAmericanCivilWar,[[note]]Which had more deaths but depending on how one counts may have had fewer overall casualties.[[/note]] in case you were wondering.) It's also notable as the first social revolution of the 20th century, beating the [[UsefulNotes/RedOctober October Revolution]] by seven years. All of this war can be summed up in the following phases:

The Mexican Revolution was a conflict that raged (obviously) over Mexico during all of the 1910 decade, and it's considered the most bloody conflict ever fought on Mexican soil (or, if you take the number of displaced, exiled, and disappeared people into the equation, the bloodiest fought on North American soil), with over one million casualties. It's also notable as the first social revolution of the 20th century. All of this war can be summed up in the following phases:

[[caption-width-right:327:Pancho Villa with soldiers from his Revolutionary Army.]]

* Season 9 of Creator/MikeDuncan's podcast ''Podcast/{{Revolutions}}'' (aired August 2018-March 2019) is a narrative history of the Mexican Revolution. It proved to be the fourth-longest season of the series with 27 episodes, including one double-length (after UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution at 55 episodes plus 5 supplementals, the Revolutions of 1848 at 32 episodes, and the South American Wars of Independence at 27 episodes plus one supplemental).

[[AC:Film]]

[[AC:Literature]]

[[AC:Live Action Television]]
* ''Series/YoungIndianaJones'' has an episode set during that time, where he encounters Pancho Villa.
** Which he mentions to Mutt Williams in ''Crystal Skull'' while in Peru looking for Oxley.

[[AC:Podcasts]]
* Season 9 of Creator/MikeDuncan's podcast ''Podcast/{{Revolutions}}'' (aired August 2018-March 2019) is a narrative history of the Mexican Revolution. It proved to be the fourth-longest season of the series with 27 episodes, including one double-length (after UsefulNotes/TheFrenchRevolution at 55 episodes plus 5 supplementals, the Revolutions of 1848 at 32 episodes, and the South American Wars of Independence at 27 episodes plus one supplemental).

[[AC:Soap Operas]]

[[AC:Video Games]]

* ''Insurgent Mexico'' (1914): A collection of memoirs from the war correspondent John "Jack" Reed, otherwise known as the author of ''[[Film/{{Reds}} Ten Days that Shook the World]].''

Short story? Made to couldn't tame it.

In February 9, several Army detachments revolted in Mexico City, all of them trying to oust Madero from power. However, during the coup, a loyalist Army officer saw many soldiers bringing machine guns into the city, and raised the alarm at the National Palace. Then, all hell broke loose in Mexico City, as every side was paranoid and shot at everything that moved. Mexico City dissolved into anarchy as Victoriano Huerta played off both sides to his own gains, even allowing the rebels to resupply themselves.

On November 20th, 1910, Francisco I. Madero called all Mexicans to arms against Díaz's illegal government. This was taken to heart by many factions who were against Díaz's increasingly erratic government policies. The whole conflict against Díaz ended quickly, as no one really wanted him there. At the end, Díaz exiled himself to France (ironically, the country he fought against with such fervor 50 years before).

-->'''Porfirio Díaz''', before going into exile

* John Marston, the protagonist of ''VideoGame/RedDeadRedemption'' reluctantly helps both sides of an alternate revolution in his efforts to kill his former gang member Bill Williamson. The game takes place in 1911.

The Mexican Revolution was a conflict that raged (obviously) over Mexico during all of the 1910 decade, and it's considered the most bloody conflict ever fought on Mexican soil (or, if you take the number of displaced, exiled, and disappeared people into the equation, the bloodiest fought on North American soil), with over one million casualties. And it was the first social revolution of the 20th century. All of this war can be summed up in the following phases:

* ''Film/VivaZapata''

* ''Film/TheProfessionals''

* ''Film/ForGreaterGlory'', taking place during the Cristero War which happened afterward.
* The ''RevolutionTrilogy'', three movies (''El Prisionero Trece'', ''El Compadre Mendoza'' and ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'') directed by Fernando de Fuentes. Notable for their [[{{Deconstruction}} cynical]] [[DarkerAndEdgier portrayal of]] [[WarIsHell the conflict]] unlike other movies of the time, and due to this, the movies were poorly received at the time. However, they have been VindicatedByHistory by critics and film clubs alike because of this.

* ''TemporadaDeZopilotes'' (2010) (English: Buzzard Season): A book later made documentary by Mexican historian and writer Paco Ignacio Taibo II. It's a factual book about the Decena Trágica. [[ShownTheirWork Very well researched.]]
* ''InsurgentMexico'' (1914): A collection of memoirs from the war correspondent John Reed.

* ''MexicoEnLlamas'' (Mexico Ablaze) (2012), a book about the Revolution from a sociological point of view.

* The ''Film/RevolutionTrilogy'', three movies (''El Prisionero Trece'', ''El Compadre Mendoza'' and ''Vámonos con Pancho Villa'') directed by Fernando de Fuentes. Notable for their [[{{Deconstruction}} cynical]] [[DarkerAndEdgier portrayal of]] [[WarIsHell the conflict]] unlike other movies of the time, and due to this, the movies were poorly received at the time. However, they have been VindicatedByHistory by critics and film clubs alike because of this.

* ''Literature/TemporadaDeZopilotes'' (2010) (English: Buzzard Season): A book later made documentary by Mexican historian and writer Paco Ignacio Taibo II. It's a factual book about the Decena Trágica. [[ShownTheirWork Very well researched.]]
* ''Literature/InsurgentMexico'' (1914): A collection of memoirs from the war correspondent John Reed.

* ''Literature/MexicoEnLlamas'' (Mexico Ablaze) (2012), a book about the Revolution from a sociological point of view.

* John Marston, the protagonist of ''VideoGame/RedDeadRedemption'' reluctantly helps both sides of the fight in his efforts to kill his former gang member Bill Williamson. The game takes place in 1911.

Huerta soon became ''even more hated than Díaz'' in how he ran things. While Díaz was undoubtedly authoritarian, he greatly enjoyed using diplomacy, largely relied on civilian technocrats and a few military officers to run his government, made concessions, and had a very affable personality despite his repressive policies. Huerta hated cabinet meetings, treated all his civilian ministers like crap, regularly disdained any idea of elected government in favor of ''la mano nera'' (the iron hand), attempted to turn Mexico into a fully militarized state, and was a rude short-tempered alcoholic. With only military officers placed in government positions, political opposition from both sides regularly murdered by the army and police in public - the signature excuse being "they were shot while trying to escape" - and all government funding solely directed towards expanding the army, resentment towards Huerta grew more fierce each day. The liberals hated Huerta for trampling on the constitution every day and his open contempt for civil liberties, the conservatives (including Felix) hated Huerta because he'd banned the elections and solely wanted power for himself. Even the Zapatistas admitted that the paternalistic Díaz could be clever and had the good sense to leave Mexico when his time was up, while Huerta was simply a stupid thug trying to terrorize everyone into submission.

Huerta soon became ''even more hated than Díaz'' in how he ran things. While Díaz was undoubtedly authoritarian, he greatly enjoyed using diplomacy, largely relied on civilian technocrats to run his government, made concessions, and had a very affable personality despite his repressive policies. Huerta hated cabinet meetings, treated all his civilian ministers like crap, regularly disdained any idea of elected government in favor of ''la mano nera'' (the iron hand), attempted to turn Mexico into a fully militarized state, and was a rude short-tempered alcoholic. With only military officers placed in government positions, political opposition from both sides regularly murdered by the army and police in public - the signature excuse being "they were shot while trying to escape" - and all government funding solely directed towards expanding the army, resentment towards Huerta grew more fierce each day. The liberals hated Huerta for trampling on the constitution every day and his open contempt for civil liberties, the conservatives (including Felix) hated Huerta because he'd banned the elections and solely wanted power for himself. Even the Zapatistas admitted that the paternalistic Díaz could be clever and had the good sense to leave Mexico when his time was up, while Huerta was simply a stupid thug trying to terrorize everyone into submission.

Huerta soon became ''even more hated than Díaz'' in how he ran things. While Díaz was undoubtedly authoritarian, he greatly enjoyed using diplomacy, largely relied on civilian technocrats to run his government, made concessions, and had a very affable personality despite his repressive policies. Huerta hated cabinet meetings, treated all his civilian ministers like crap, regularly disdained any idea of elected government in favor of ''la mano nera'' (the iron hand), attempted to turn Mexico into a fully militarized state, and was a rude short-tempered alcoholic. With only officers placed in important government positions, political opposition from both sides regularly murdered by the army and police in public - the signature excuse being "they were shot while trying to escape" - and all government funding solely directed towards expanding the army, resentment towards Huerta grew more fierce each day. The liberals hated Huerta for trampling on the constitution every day, the conservatives (including Felix) hated Huerta because he'd banned the elections and solely wanted power for himself. Even the Zapatistas admitted that Díaz could be clever and had the good sense to leave Mexico when his time was up, while Huerta was simply a stupid thug trying to terrorize everyone into submission.

Huerta soon became ''even more hated than Díaz'' in how he ran things. While Díaz was undoubtedly authoritarian, he greatly enjoyed using diplomacy, appointed a mix of military officers and civilians to run his government, was capable of making concessions, and had a very affable personality despite his repressive policies. Huerta hated cabinet meetings, treated all his civilian ministers like crap, regularly disdained any idea of elected government in favor of ''la mano nera'' (the iron hand), attempted to turn Mexico into a fully militarized state, and was a rude short-tempered alcoholic. With only officers placed in important government positions, political opposition from both sides regularly murdered by the army and police in public - the signature excuse being "they were shot while trying to escape" - and all government funding solely directed towards expanding the army, resentment towards Huerta grew more fierce each day. The liberals hated Huerta for trampling on the constitution every day, the conservatives (including Felix) hated Huerta because he'd banned the elections and solely wanted power for himself. Even the Zapatistas admitted that Díaz could be clever and had the good sense to leave Mexico when his time was up, while Huerta was simply a stupid thug trying to terrorize everyone into submission.

At the end, in February 19 at Midnight, Madero and the staff remaining loyal to him were caught after an ill-conceived plan to flee, and most of them got jailed or executed unceremoniously, with Madero's brother suffering a particularly gruesome fate in being tortured to death by gleeful soldiers. This resulted in the beginning of the government of general Victoriano Huerta, thanks to Pedro Lascuráin, a foreign minister that was jammed into the presidency, only to appoint Huerta as Vice President and resign. He was president for 45 minutes (the shortest presidency in history). After that, Huerta eventually said "screw this" and did not hold new elections, so he got to stay in power.

Huerta soon became ''even more hated than Díaz'' in how he ran things. While Díaz was undoubtedly authoritarian, he greatly enjoyed using diplomacy, appointed a mix of military officers and civilians to run his government, was capable of making concessions, and had a very affable personality. Huerta hated cabinet meetings, treated all his civilian ministers like crap, regularly disdained any idea of elected government in favor of ''la mano nera'' (the iron hand), attempted to turn Mexico into a fully militarized state, and was a rude short-tempered alcoholic. With only officers placed in important government positions, political opposition from both sides regularly murdered by the army and police in public - the signature excuse being "they were shot while trying to escape" - and all government funding solely directed towards expanding the army, resentment towards Huerta grew more fierce each day. The liberals hated Huerta for trampling on the constitution every day, the conservatives (including Porfirio's nephew, Felix) hated Huerta because he'd banned elections and solely wanted power for himself. Even the Zapatistas admitted that Díaz could be cunning and had the good sense to leave Mexico when his time was up, while Huerta was simply a thug trying to terrorize everyone into submission.

When finally, in 1908, Porfirio Díaz announced to the American reporter James Creelman that he was going to hold free elections in 1910, the people rejoiced. Francisco Ignacio Madero González, an upper class politician from Coahuila, decided to run for presidency to avenge his brother, who was killed during a democratic revolt in Monterrey, Nuevo León. He founded the Partido Antirreeleccionista (Anti-Reelectionist Party) after selling a lot of his possessions. He was regarded as a messiah of democracy by the people, who had grown tired of the constant political bullying by Díaz and his cronies. There were also some other Díaz's cronies who wanted to get in the presidential chair, but they weren't as popular as Madero himself.

At the end, in February 19 at Midnight, Madero and the staff remaining loyal to him were caught after an ill-conceived plan to flee, and most of them got jailed or executed unceremoniously, with Madero's brother suffering a particularly gruesome death. This resulted in the beginning of the government of general Victoriano Huerta, thanks to Pedro Lascuráin, a foreign minister that was jammed into the presidency, only to appoint Huerta as Vice President and resign. He was president for 45 minutes (the shortest presidency in history). After that, Huerta eventually said "screw this" and did not hold new elections, so he got to stay in power.

Huerta soon became ''even more hated than Díaz'' in how he ran things. While Díaz was undoubtedly authoritarian, he greatly enjoyed using diplomacy, appointed a mix of military officers and civilians to run his government, was capable of making concessions, and had a very affable personality. Huerta hated cabinet meetings, treated all his civilian ministers like crap, regularly disdained any idea of elected government in favor of ''la mano nera'' (the iron hand), attempted to turn Mexico into a fully militarized state, and was a rude short-tempered alcoholic. With only officers placed in important government positions, political opposition from both sides regularly murdered by the army and police in public - the signature excuse being "they were shot while trying to escape" - and all government funding solely directed towards expanding the army, resentment towards Huerta grew more fierce each day. Even the Zapatistas admitted that Díaz could be cunning and had the good sense to leave Mexico when his time was up, while Huerta was simply a thug trying to terrorize everyone into submission.

At the end, in February 19 at Midnight, Madero and the staff remaining loyal to him were caught after an ill-conceived plan to flee, and most of them got jailed or executed unceremoniously, with Madero's brother suffering a particularly gruesome death. This resulted in the beginning of the government of general Victoriano Huerta, thanks to Pedro Lascuráin, a foreign minister that was jammed into the presidency, only to appoint Huerta as Vice President and resign. He was president for 45 minutes (the shortest presidency in history). After that, Huerta eventually said "screw this" and did not hold new elections, so he got to stay in power. Huerta soon became more hated than Díaz in how he ran things. While Díaz was authoritarian, he enjoyed using diplomacy and appointed a mix of military officers and civilians to run his government. Huerta detested cabinet meetings, aggressively ordered his ministers around and behaved like an autocrat. With only officers placed in important government positions, any political opposition regularly murdered by the army and police, and all government funding directed towards expanding the army, resentment towards Huerta grew more fierce each day.

The rest of the revolutionary leaders were pissed off by the fact that a democratically elected president was killed by a coward, so the battles started against Huerta. From one side there was Doroteo Arango A.K.A. Francisco "Pancho" Villa in the north, Emiliano Zapata in the south, Álvaro Obregón in the east and Venustiano Carranza in the northwest. Eventually, Huerta exiled himself in July 1914 when he realized that he was facing an unwinnable scenario and his allies (like former revolutionary Pascual Orozco in the north, who revolted against Madero) were executed, exiled or imprisoned. After sending Huerta into exile the revolutionary leaders held a convention in the city of Aguascalientes to settle things. However, there was great tension between Villa and Carranza (the latter even made a "legal" government in Mexico City and called himself supreme commander). Since the convention only managed to appoint a president and not make a common plan that pleased all sides, the revolutionary leaders started battling against each other on 2 sides: Villa-Zapata (on the "Conventionalist" side, who were fond of educating the people and returning the land to its owners) and Obregón-Carranza (on the "Constitutionalist" side, who were more conservative). Then, while things seemed to be going fine, Pancho Villa had a falling out with his fellow revolutionaries and their U.S. suppliers, and in an act of desperation, he took up arms against all of them. This didn’t work out in his favor. Villa’s attack on Columbus, New Mexico in 1916 cost him between 90 and 170 men killed to just 16 American soldiers and civilians (including a pregnant woman, which didn’t exactly help Villa’s public image), in exchange for a few crates of rifles. It also provoked Pershing’s Punitive Expedition, which failed to capture or kill Villa, but still mauled his remaining forces and left him in the position of being essentially at Carranza’s mercy. On a side note, Creator/AmbroseBierce vanished in Mexico sometime around 1914 after coming to observe the conflict, his ultimate fate a mystery.

* Season 9 of Creator/MikeDuncan's podcast ''Podcast/{{Revolutions}}'' (released starting August 2018) is a narrative history of the Mexican Revolution. It promises to be a longer season; it took Duncan 11 episodes to get to the beginning of Madero's presidency.

[[AC:Literature]]
* ''[[Literature/TheUnderdogs Los de abajo]]'' (Published from 1914 to 1918).
* ''Literature/TemporadaDeZopilotes'' (2010) (English: Buzzard Season): A book later made documentary by Mexican historian and writer Paco Ignacio Taibo II. It's a factual book about the Decena Trágica. [[ShownTheirWork Very well researched.]]
* ''Literature/InsurgentMexico'' (1914): A collection of memoirs from the war correspondent John Reed.
* ''Literature/PedroParamo'', which deals with the Cristeros War.
* ''Literature/MexicoEnLlamas'' (Mexico Ablaze) (2012), a book about the Revolution from a sociological point of view.