History UsefulNotes / Quebec

-->-- BowserAndBlue, intro to ''Faute du Federal''

* [[GeorgesStPierre Georges St-Pierre]], martial artist, athlete.

* DenysArcand, film director, screenwriter.
* MartinBrodeur, hockey player.

* LouisCyr, [[WorldsStrongestMan strongman]].
* CelineDion, singer.
* MarcGarneau, astronaut, engineer, politician.
* ClaudeJutra, actor, film director.
* MarioLemieux, hockey player.
* JuliePayette, engineer, astronaut.
* MauriceRichard, hockey player, AKA "The Rocket".
* PatrickRoy, hockey player.

* GillesVilleneuve, race car driver.
* JacquesVilleneuve, race car driver.

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<<|UsefulNotes/{{Canada}}|>>

* WilliamShatner, actor.

In 1837, the provinces in Lower and Upper Canada exploded in rebellion. The Patriotes movement, largely led by Francophones like Louis-Joseph Papineau and Anglophone Robert Nelson, almost swept Canada. While it failed, it did make a deep imprint in Quebec history. The result is that Quebec, now called Canada East as it was merged in 1840 into the Province of Canada, was to be given self-government. Quebec then became one of the founding provinces of Canada in 1867, and tried to accommodate to the English-speaking provinces while maintaining its French identity. Montreal became Canada's largest city (it has since been overtaken by Toronto) and its center of industry. However, many French-speakers resented the economic power of the English. Furthermore, the decision by Ottawa to send troops for the BoerWar had further angered Quebecers. Resistance to the draft was common in Quebec during the [[WorldWarI two world]] [[WorldWarII wars]]. Despite this, many Quebec people distinguished themselves in combat.

* LeonardCohen, singer, songwriter, poet.

In 1837, the provinces in Lower and Upper Canada exploded in rebellion. The Patriotes movement, largely led by Francophones like Louis-Joseph Papineau and Anglophone Robert Nelson, almost swept Canada. While it failed, it did make a deep imprint in Quebec history. The result is that Quebec, now called Canada East as it was merged in 1840 into the Province of Canada, was to be given self-government. Quebec then became one of the founding provinces of Canada in 1867, and tried to accommodate to the English-speaking provinces while maintaining its French identity. Montreal became Canada's largest city (it has since been overtaken by Toronto) and its center of industry. However, many French-speakers resented the economic power of the English. Furthermore, the decision by Ottawa to send troops for the BoerWar had further angered Quebecers. Resistance to the draft was common in Quebec during the [[WorldWarI two world]] [[WorldWarII wars]]. Despite this, many Quebec people both distinguished themselves in combat.

There are some who thought rebellion and secession under a Communist state was the only option to preserve Quebec identity, and the Front de libération du Québec tried to do just that, targeting Anglophone institutions and what they saw as pro-Ottawa Francophones. This led to the October Crisis in 1970 where FLQ terrorists kidnapped a British trade commissioner and a Quebec government official. The latter one was later killed; the British diplomat was freed by the Canadian government in exchange for the FLQ members involved to leave for Cuba. Trudeau--by this point Prime Minister and a vehement federalist (opponent of secession) despite being a Francophone--later invoked the controversial War Measures Act and arrested suspected militant Quebec separatists. The violence of the FLQ later cost them popular support, while the arbitrary emprisonnement of activist, journalist and even poet under the War Measures Act is still remembered.

New France was a pawn in the SevenYearsWar between the French and English. The French are losing almost on the start, with a lower population base than those of the British Thirteen Colonies, but they held on until 1763, when the British defeated the French in the Plains of Abraham, thus ending New France.

* Main/HockeyNightInCanada (When the Canadiens are playing home)

In 1603, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec City to make it the base of French power in North America. With alliance between Huron and Algonquin tribes, the French secured the territory. In exchange of furs, the French gave the First Nations their alcohol, guns, and clothing, and also tried to convert them to Catholicism with various degree of success. Later, the French kings introduced the seigneural system where French immigrants will till a part of land for their landlords, called the seigneurs. These Frenchmen, later to be known as Canadiens, will later also expand to what is today Ontario, Manitoba, and even the territories in the Mississippi River in the United States.

There are some who thought rebellion and secession under a Communist state was the only option to preserve Quebec identity, and the Front de libération du Québec tried to do just that, targeting Anglophone institutions and what they saw as pro-Ottawa Francophones. This led to the October Crisis in 1970 where FLQ terrorists kidnapped a British trade commissioner and a Quebec government official. The latter one was later killed; the British diplomat was freed by the Canadian government in exchange for the FLQ members involved to leave for Cuba. Trudeau--by this point Prime Minister and a vehement federalist (opponent of secession) despite being a Francophone--later invoked the controversial War Measures Act and arrested suspected militant Quebec separatists. The violence of the FLQ later cost them popular support.

On the other hand, the Parti Quebecois (non-violent Quebec separatists) gained popularity under René Lévesque and won a victory in the 1976 provincial election. They passed the Charter of the French Language (also known as "Bill 101") to make French the province's only official language and impose some restrictions on the use of English in schools and workplaces. They also held a referendum on whether to make Quebec "sovereign" (read: independent) in 1980, only for it to be defeated by a landslide. Attempts by the Quebec government to gain more provincial rights and leverage resulted in the new 1982 Canadian constitution, which was not ratified in Quebec. In 1987, the Meech Lake Accord was held by Canadian premiers to try to patch up differences, but failed utterly in the early 1990s. Later, the Parti Quebecois held a second sovereignty referendum in 1995. This time, the "no" side only won by a slim margin. The premier of Quebec blamed it on "money and ethnic votes" that exacerbated the matter. Since then, actual support for sovereignty has declined. Quebec is trying to find its place in Canadian and world society, becoming a leader in information technology, energy, and aerospace.

->''It saddens me to hear that the best and brightest of Quebec's anglophones have left. [[BackhandedCompliment But you are still here]]!''

There are some who thought rebellion and secession under a Communist state was the only option to preserve Quebec identity, and the Front de libération du Québec tried to do just that, targeting Anglophone institutions and what they saw as pro-Ottawa Francophones. This led to the October Crisis in 1970 where FLQ terrorists kidnapped a British trade commissioner and a Quebec government official. The latter one was later killed; the British diplomat was freed by the Canadian government in exchange for the FLQ members involved to leave for Cuba. Trudeau--by this point Prime Minister and a vehement federalist (opponent of secession) despite being a Francophone--later invoked the controversial War Measures Act and arrested suspected militant Quebec separatists. The violence of the FLQ later cost them popular support. The non-violent wing of Quebec separatists took over under Rene Levesque and the Parti Quebecois in 1976, therefore making French the province's only official language. Attempts by the Quebec government to gain more provincial rights and leverage resulted in the new 1982 Canadian constitution, which was not ratified in Quebec. In 1987, the Meech Lake Accord was held by Canadian premiers to try to patch up differences, but failed utterly in the early 1990s. Later, the Parti Quebecois held a sovereignty referendum in 1995. The no side won by a slim margin. The premier of Quebec blamed it on "money and ethnic votes" that excaberated the matter. Since then, Quebec is trying to find its place in Canadian and world society, becoming a leader in information technology, energy, and aerospace.

The territory now encompassing Quebec was first inhabited by Inuit and Native American peoples such as the Huron. Jacques Cartier in the 1500s later reached the area in Quebec and helped set up a colony called Stadacona. The settlement failed; however, the French did not give up. Later, French merchants set up shop in the Saint Lawrence Valley and so are fur traders.

However, the Quebec Act did provide the survival of French law, culture, and language in Quebec, as its territory was shrunk into what is now southern Quebec and Labrador. Eventually, the lands west of the Ottawa river were given to mainly English-speaking settlers, many of them American Loyalists, and thus became Ontario, or Upper Canada. Quebec was thus designated Lower Canada.

In 1837, the provinces in Lower and Upper Canada exploded in rebellion. The Patriotes movement, largely led by Francophones like Louis-Joseph Papineau and Anglophone Robert Nelson, almost swept Canada. While it failed, it did make a deep imprint in Quebec history. The result is that Quebec, now called Canada East as it was merged in 1840 into the Province of Canada, was to be given self-government. Quebec then became one of the founding provinces of Canada in 1867, and tried to accommodate to the English-speaking provinces while maintaining its French identity. Montreal became back then Canada's largest city and its center of industry. However, many French-speakers resented the economic power of the English. Furthermore, the decision by Ottawa to send troops for the BoerWar had further angered Quebecers. Resistance to the draft was common in Quebec during the [[WorldWarI two world]] [[WorldWarII wars]]. Despite this, many Quebec people both distinguished themselves in combat.

During 1944, Maurice Duplessis took power as premier of Quebec. He tried to champion Quebec nationalism and conservatism in all areas. He also created Hydro-Quebec, one of Canada's largest electric companies today. Many other intellectuals, among them, a lawyer named Pierre Elliot Trudeau, opposed Duplessis. They later sowed the seeds of the so-called Quiet Revolution, where responsibility for education was transferred from church to state, state intervention in the Quebec economy, secularization and liberalization of Quebec public life, and so on. In this period, the concept of Quebecois identity was formed.

There are some who thought rebellion and secession under a Communist state was the only option to preserve Quebec identity, and the Front de libération du Québec did just that, targeting Anglophone institutions and what they see as pro-Ottawa Francophones. This led to the October Crisis in 1970 where FLQ terrorists kidnapped a British trade commissioner and a Quebec government official. The latter one was later killed, the British diplomat was freed by the Canadian government in exchange for the FLQ members involved to leave for Cuba. Trudeau later invoked the controversial War Measures Act and arrested suspected militant Quebec separatists. The violence of the FLQ later cost them popular support. The non-violent wing of Quebec separatists took over under Rene Levesque and the Parti Quebecois in 1976, therefore making French the province's only official language. Attempts by the Quebec government to gain more provincial rights and leverage resulted in the new 1982 Canadian constitution, which was not ratified in Quebec. In 1987, the Meech Lake Accord was held by Canadian premiers to try to patch up differences, but failed utterly in the early 1990s. Later, the Parti Quebecois held a sovereignty referendum in 1995. The no side won by a slim margin. The premier of Quebec blamed it on "money and ethnic votes" that excaberated the matter. Since then, Quebec is trying to find its place in Canadian and world society, becoming a leader in information technology, energy, and aerospace.

The territory now encompassing Quebec was first inhabited by Inuit and Native American peoples such as the Huron. Jacques Cartier in the 1500s later reached the area in Quebec and helped set up a colony called Stadacona. The settlement failed; however, the French did not gave up. Later, French merchants set up shop in the Saint Lawrence Valley and so are fur traders.

*

The British at first tried to assimilate the French, but later gave up on this and implemented the Quebec Act of 1774. This was one of the grievances that erupted into the AmericanRevolution. They claim that the British are favoring the French over the English-speaking American colonists. Religion was one cause, too; the French in Quebec are mostly Catholic while the Americans are mainly Protestant. Quebec remained loyal to Britain during that war, the British troops there resisting attempts by American generals to conquer Quebec.

There are some who thought rebellion and secession under a Communist state was the only option to preserve Quebec identity, and the Front de libération du Québec did just that, targeting Anglophone institutions and what they see as pro-Ottawa Francophones. This led to the October Crisis in 1970 where FLQ terrorists kidnapped a British trade commissioner and a Quebec government official. The latter one was later killed, the British diplomat was freed by the Canadian government in exchange for the FLQ members involved to leave for Cuba. Trudeau later invoked the controversial War Measures Act and arrested suspected militant Quebec separatists. The violence of the FLQ later cost them popular support. The non-violent wing of Quebec separatists took over under Rene Levesque and the Parti Quebecois in 1976, therefore making French the province's only official language. Attempts by the Quebec government to gain more provincial rights and leverage resulted in the new 1982 Canadian constitution, which was not ratified in Quebec.

<<|UsefulNotes/Canada|>>

Quebec is the largest [[UsefulNotes/Canada Canadian]] province in area, and second only to Nunavut in all of Canadian territorial units. It is also the only officially French-speaking province. As a result, its distinct culture, not to mention its sovereignty movement, have set it apart from the rest (read:Anglophone) of Canada. In 2006, the Canadian Parliament declared Quebec as a "nation within a united Canada".

Its capital is Quebec City and the largest city is UsefulNotes/Montreal. Also noted are Sherbrooke, Chicoutimi, Trois-Rivières, and Gatineau, bordering Ottawa.

In 1603, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec City to make it the base of French power in North America. With alliance between Huron and Algonquin tribes, the French secured the territory. In exchange of furs, the French gave the First Nations their alcohol, guns, and clothing, and also tried to convert them to Catholicism with various degree of success.