History UsefulNotes / MoscowMetro

* ''Film/NightWatch'' was filmed, according to IMDB, in [[UsefulNotes/TheCityFormerlyKnownAs St. Petersburg]], which has its own, much smaller and less traveled, but much more technically complex and ''confusing'' metro system. [[note]]It's also located [[{{UpToEleven}} even deeper]] than the Moscow Metro (which itself -as said above- already is further underground than the London system) because in St. Petersburg's case, the location of almost all central stations and tunnels had to account for the Neva River, which is, on average, about 4 times as deep as the Moskva River and much, ''much'' broader...and the marshy terrain St. Pete was built on does NOT help matters in terms of groundwater penetration/uptake in the soil and porosities in the rock. Thus, the tunnels had to be dug much deeper than the ones in Moscow, with the deepest station, Admiralteyskaya, being located more than 80 meters below ground (that's one loooong escalator ride...). Some of the stations are actually closed off from the tunnel entirely via walls in which blast doors are set, in order to safeguard against potential flooding - trains have to line up their doors with those blast doors in order to enable exit/entry.[[/note]] The local joke does that St. Pete's metro was designed to utterly dumbfound any possible occupant. The aboveground sections involving the subway stations ''were'' filmed in Moscow, however.

The world's busiest subway system and second only to [[TokyoIsTheCenterOfTheUniverse Tokyo]] in the general rapid transit systems category, UsefulNotes/{{Moscow}}'s Metro system is both an impressive feat of engineering and architecture. The plans for it sprang up [[OlderThanTheyThink back in the 1880's]], but due to the city government hating all public works as a matter of principle, and ridiculously rich Moscow merchants being tightfisted about anything that wasn't fueling their ego, it wasn't until Stalin that work actually began (actually thanks to Lazar Kaganovich, then railways minister) in 1935, when both the funds and workforce were finally available. The deep underground tunnels and stations were explicitly envisioned as bomb shelters for the people of Moscow, and the wisdom of this move was proved during UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, when most stations served as such, and some were converted to house various important military installations -- like Chistye Prudy station that was an Air Defense HQ.

''In fiction''
* ''Film/{{Firefox}}'' - this is filmed in Vienna, with a local station sign visible in one shot. Plus a funny mistake - he enters the U1 on Karlsplatz, but exits the U4 in Schönbrunn.
* ''Film/NightWatch'' - filmed, according to IMDB, in [[UsefulNotes/TheCityFormerlyKnownAs St. Petersburg.]] Which has its own, much smaller and less traveled, but much more technically complex and ''confusing'' metro system. [[note]]It's also located [[{{UpToEleven}} even deeper]] than the Moscow Metro (which itself -as said above- already is further underground than the London system) because in St. Petersburg's case, the location of almost all central stations and tunnels had to account for the Neva River, which is, on average, about 4 times as deep as the Moskva River and much, ''much'' broader...and the marshy terrain St. Pete was built on does NOT help matters in terms of groundwater penetration/uptake in the soil and porosities in the rock. Thus, the tunnels had to be dug much deeper than the ones in Moscow, with the deepest station, Admiralteyskaya, being located more than 80 meters below ground (that's one loooong escalator ride...). Some of the stations are actually closed off from the tunnel entirely via walls in which blast doors are set, in order to safeguard against potential flooding - trains have to line up their doors with those blast doors in order to enable exit/entry.[[/note]] The local joke does that St. Pete's metro was designed to utterly dumbfound any possible occupant. The aboveground sections involving the subway stations ''were'' filmed in Moscow, however.

There are 12 lines, which are designated by names, numbers and colors, and the lines tend to be referred to by their colors in the colloquial speech, except when the similarly colored lines may cause confusion (there are Green diameter, Lettuce chord and Emerald segment-that-may-become-another-ring) and in the case of the Ring line -- it's never referred to by its color (brown), but always as "Koltsevaya" ("The Ring Line").[[note]]There's an old joke that the Ring Line exists only because Stalin placed his coffee mug on a map of the planned Metro network, leaving a coffee stain; at least some wags connect this to the "official" colour of the line.[[/note]] The lines are arranged in a wheel pattern, with seven radial lines running the city end to end being spokes, the intersecting grid they form in the city center constituting a hub, and Koltsevaya line, roughly corresponding to the Garden Ring along the edge of the city center, being the rim. There are also two shorter half-length radial lines, and since the plans of having the second ring to relieve the overloaded central grid are perpetually postponed due to the lack of funds, they are replaced by the ''ad hoc''-built "chordal" lines, connecting the spokes outside of the ring, of which there are now two. [[AwesomeButImpractical Moscow Monorail]] is also often lumped here as a third chordal line (it is also run by the Metro company), but is actually a completely different affair, though there are efforts to better integrate it into the system. In 2016, the Moscow Railroad Ring, a pre-existing railroad that previously was used to move freight trains from one direction to another, was adopted for use of passenger rolling stock based on near-suburban trains. Legally, Moscow Metro is in charge of the line as a business object while the rail infrastructure is owned and operated by Russian Railway Company under a service contract.

[[quoteright:300:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/moscow_metro_1028.jpg]]
[[caption-width-right:300:What are those two blue trains doing in here? What is this, [[Music/RingoStarr Ringo's]] [[WesternAnimation/YellowSubmarine house?!]]]]

The world's busiest subway system and second only to [[TokyoIsTheCenterOfTheUniverse Tokyo]] in the general rapid transit systems category, Moscow's Metro system is both an impressive feat of engineering and architecture. The plans for it sprang up [[OlderThanTheyThink back in the 1880's]], but due to the city government hating all public works as a matter of principle, and ridiculously rich Moscow merchants being tightfisted about anything that wasn't fueling their ego, it wasn't until Stalin that work actually began (actually thanks to Lazar Kaganovich, then railways minister) in 1935, when both the funds and workforce were finally available. The deep underground tunnels and stations were explicitly envisioned as bomb shelters for the people of Moscow, and the wisdom of this move was proved during UsefulNotes/WorldWarII, when most stations served as such, and some were converted to house various important military installations -- like Chistye Prudy station that was an Air Defense HQ.

Speaking of the rails, The Metro runs on the same wide gauge track (1520 mm) as other Russian railways, but uses a special rolling stock that is lighter, better suited to quick loading and unloading, and pretty bad for the overground running (there's only one line with a significant overground stretch in the whole system, so why bother?). In contrast with the London system, there's only one size of the rolling stock, as both surface-dug and drilled tunnels are built to the same spec. Old trains, which were designed and (mostly) ''built'' back in Soviet times, lack air-conditioning, relying instead on special scoops on the roofs, which make cars rather drafty when they are running, and positively stifling when they're not.[[note]]Actually the train design was based off pre-[=WW2=] New York trains and hasn't changed much until 1980s. The introduction of new models was slow due to TheGreatPoliticsMessUp. [[/note]] New trains ''do'' have [=ACs=] though, but their reliability leaves much to be desired. They are gradually replacing the old ones since early 2000s and the process may stretch up to 2020. Given the enormous passenger load the system experiences most of the time, it's the major reason why riding a Metro can be a rather unpleasant experience.

* ''Literature/NightWatch'' - filmed, according to IMDB, in [[UsefulNotes/TheCityFormerlyKnownAs St. Petersburg.]] Which has its own, much smaller and less traveled, but much more technically complex and ''confusing'' metro system. [[note]]It's also located [[{{UpToEleven}} even deeper]] than the Moscow Metro (which itself -as said above- already is further underground than the London system) because in St. Petersburg's case, the location of almost all central stations and tunnels had to account for the Neva River, which is, on average, about 4 times as deep as the Moskva River and much, ''much'' broader...and the marshy terrain St. Pete was built on does NOT help matters in terms of groundwater penetration/uptake in the soil and porosities in the rock. Thus, the tunnels had to be dug much deeper than the ones in Moscow, with the deepest station, Admiralteyskaya, being located more than 80 meters below ground (that's one loooong escalator ride...). Some of the stations are actually closed off from the tunnel entirely via walls in which blast doors are set, in order to safeguard against potential flooding - trains have to line up their doors with those blast doors in order to enable exit/entry.[[/note]] The local joke does that St. Pete's metro was designed to utterly dumbfound any possible occupant. The aboveground sections involving the subway stations ''were'' filmed in Moscow, however.

The Metro is a lifeline for notoriously traffic-jammed Moscow, as it's often the only means to reliably reach the desired destination when major highways are jammed for hours, and any accident in the Metro leads to the city grinding a standstill. Fortunately, the accidents are pretty rare, and even The One Under is rarely a fatality -- taking into account [[UsefulNotes/TheLondonUnderground London's example]], there's a deep trench between the rails on every station. It also has another feature based on the English experience -- until recently there was exactly ''one'' station with a curved platform, and only recently the second one was built (both with quite large radius of curvature and not by choice), so the distinctive caution to mind the gap is simply unneeded there. It is replaced, however by another, no less iconic phrase: "Ostorozhno, dveri zakryvayutsya," or "Be careful, the doors are closing." Sometimes you can hear another phrase: "Be careful when leaving through last door of last car," because some stations are not long enough to fully guarantee that train will actually fit. However, the more common concern is that on some stations an extremely strong wind may blow from the tunnel, strong enough to knock down a clumsy unsuspecting person. Another interesting feature is that there are ''no'' fare zones -- in contrast to most of the [[UsefulNotes/WorldSubways world's other subway systems]] (but, ironically, similar to most of the [[UsefulNotes/SubwaysOfTheUnitedStates subway systems in the United States]][[note]]Doubling the irony, the UsefulNotes/WashingtonMetro is one of the few American subway systems that ''does'' have distance-based fares[[/note]]), the fare is flat and each and every trip costs the same amount (50 r. as of 2015 or ~$1) regardless of its length or number of transfers. The Metro uses smartcards as tickets, with 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 60 uses and limited lifetime (45 days for a 60-use ticket), unlimited-but-no-more-than-once-per-7-minutes replenishable plastic smartcards with 30, 90 and 365 days of use and recently added "90-minutes" tickets and "Trojka" smartcards doubling for use in the other city transportation. There are social monthly tickets and replenishable cards as well. In USSR times it used common coins (~$0.007 as of 1985), then inflation forced the switch to special tokens, then counterfeiting prompted the switch to magnetic cards and smartcards. The system has been under constant overuse for last 20 years, so many wish to stay in traffic jams rather use the Metro. Ironically enough, there are human-jams on hub stations at rush hours, though the travel time is much more predictable than above the ground.

The Metro is a lifeline for notoriously traffic-jammed Moscow, as it's often the only means to reliably reach the desired destination when major highways are jammed for hours, and any accident in the Metro leads to the city grinding a standstill. Fortunately, the accidents are pretty rare, and even The One Under is rarely a fatality -- taking into account [[UsefulNotes/TheLondonUnderground London's example]], there's a deep trench between the rails on every station. It also has another feature based on the English experience -- until recently there was exactly ''one'' station with a curved platform, and only recently the second one was built (both with quite large radius of curvature and not by choice), so the distinctive caution to mind the gap is simply unneeded there. It is replaced, however by another, no less iconic phrase: "Ostorozhno, dveri zakryvayutsya," or "Be careful, the doors are closing." Sometimes you can hear another phrase: "Be careful when leaving through last door of last car," because some stations are not long enough to fully guarantee that train will actually fit. However, the more common concern is that on some stationa an extremely strong wind may blow from the tunnel, strong enough to knock down a clumsy unsuspecting person. Another interesting feature is that there are ''no'' fare zones -- in contrast to much of the other world's subway systems, the fare is flat and each and every trip costs the same amount (50 r. as of 2015 or ~$1) regardless of its length or number of transfers. The Metro uses smartcards as tickets, with 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 60 uses and limited lifetime (45 days for a 60-use ticket), unlimited-but-no-more-than-once-per-7-minutes replenishable plastic smartcards with 30, 90 and 365 days of use and recently added "90-minutes" tickets and "Trojka" smartcards doubling for use in the other city transportation. There are social monthly tickets and replenishable cards as well. In USSR times it used common coins (~$0.007 as of 1985), then inflation forced the switch to special tokens, then counterfeiting prompted the switch to magnetic cards and smartcards. The system has been under constant overuse for last 20 years, so many wish to stay in traffic jams rather use the Metro. Ironically enough, there are human-jams on hub stations at rush hours, though the travel time is much more predictable than above the ground.

* ''Literature/NightWatch'' - filmed, according to IMDB, in [[UsefulNotes/TheCityFormerlyKnownAs St. Petersburg.]] Which has its own, much smaller and less traveled, but much more technically complex and ''confusing'' metro system. The local joke does that St. Pete's metro was designed to utterly dumbfound any possible occupant. The aboveground sections involving the subway stations ''were'' filmed in Moscow, however.

The Metro is a lifeline for notoriously traffic-jammed Moscow, as it's often the only means to reliably reach the desired destination when major highways are jammed for hours, and any accident in the Metro leads to the city grinding a standstill. Fortunately, the accidents are pretty rare, and even The One Under is rarely a fatality -- taking into account [[UsefulNotes/TheLondonUnderground London's example]], there's a deep trench between the rails on every station. It also has another feature based on the English experience -- until recently there was exactly ''one'' station with a curved platform, and only recently the second one was built (both with quite large radius of curvature and not by choice), so the distinctive caution to mind the gap is simply unneeded there. It is replaced, however by another, no less iconic phrase: "Ostorozhno, dveri zakryvayutsya," or "Be careful, the doors are closing." Sometimes you can hear another phrase: "Be careful when leaving through last door of last car," because some stations are not long enough to fully guarantee that train will actually fit. However, the more common concern is that on some such station and extremely strong wind may blow from the tunnel, strong enough to knock down a clumsy unsuspecting person. Another interesting feature is that there are ''no'' fare zones -- in contrast to much of the other world's subway systems, the fare is flat and each and every trip costs the same amount (50 r. as of 2015 or ~$1) regardless of its length or number of transfers. The Metro uses smartcards as tickets, with 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 60 uses and limited lifetime (45 days for a 60-use ticket), unlimited-but-no-more-than-once-per-7-minutes replenishable plastic smartcards with 30, 90 and 365 days of use and recently added "90-minutes" tickets and "Trojka" smartcards doubling for use in the other city transportation. There are social monthly tickets and replenishable cards as well. In USSR times it used common coins (~$0.007 as of 1985), then inflation forced the switch to special tokens, then counterfeiting prompted the switch to magnetic cards and smartcards. The system has been under constant overuse for last 20 years, so many wish to stay in traffic jams rather use the Metro. Ironically enough, there are human-jams on hub stations at rush hours, though the travel time is much more predictable than above the ground.

There are 12 lines, which are designated by names, numbers and colors, and the lines tend to be referred to by their colors in the colloquial speech, except when the similarly colored lines may cause confusion (there are Green diameter, Lettuce chord and Emerald segment-that-may-become-another-ring) and in the case of the Ring line -- it's never referred to by its color (brown), but always as "Koltsevaya" ("The Ring Line").[[note]]There's an old joke that the Ring Line exists only because Stalin placed his coffee mug on a map of the planned Metro network, leaving a coffee stain; at least some wags connect this to the "official" colour of the line.[[/note]] The lines are arranged in a wheel pattern, with seven radial lines running the city end to end being spokes, the intersecting grid they form in the city center constituting a hub, and Koltsevaya line, roughly corresponding to the Garden Ring along the edge of the city center, being the rim. There are also two shorter half-length radial lines, and since the plans of having the second ring to relieve the overloaded central grid are perpetually postponed due to the lack of funds, they are replaced by the ''ad hoc''-built "chordal" lines, connecting the spokes outside of the ring, of which there are now two. [[AwesomeButImpractical Moscow Monorail]] is also often lumped here as a third chordal line (it is also run by the Metro company), but is actually a completely different affair, though there are efforts to better integrate it into the system. In 2016, the Moscow Railroad Ring, a pre-existing railroad that previously was used to move freight trains from one direction to another, was adopted for use of passenger rolling stock based on near-suburban trains. It is not a part of metro legally and is owned and operated by Russian Railway Company, but it is a part of Metro from passengers' viewpoint.

* ''Literature/NightWatch'' - filmed, according to IMDB, in [[TheCityFormerlyKnownAs St. Petersburg.]] Which has its own, much smaller and less traveled, but much more technically complex and ''confusing'' metro system. The local joke does that St. Pete's metro was designed to utterly dumbfound any possible occupant. The aboveground sections involving the subway stations ''were'' filmed in Moscow, however.

Speaking of the rails, The Metro runs on the same wide gauge track (1520 mm) as other Russian railways, but uses a special rolling stock that is lighter, better suited to quick loading and unloading, and pretty bad for the overground running (there's only one line with a significant overground stretch in the whole system, so why bother?). In contrast with the London system, there's only one size of the rolling stock, as both surface-dug and drilled tunnels are built to the same spec. Old trains, which were designed and (mostly) ''built'' back in Soviet times, lack air-conditioning, relying instead on special scoops on the roofs, which make cars rather drafty when they are running, and positively stifling when they're not.[[note]]Actually the train design was based off pre-WW2 New York trains and hasn't changed much until 1980s. The introduction of new models was slow due to TheGreatPoliticsMessUp. [[/note]] New trains ''do'' have [=ACs=] though, but their reliability leaves much to be desired. They are gradually replacing the old ones since early 2000s and the process may stretch up to 2020. Given the enormous passenger load the system experiences most of the time, it's the major reason why riding a Metro can be a rather unpleasant experience.

The world's busiest subway system and second only to [[TokyoIsTheCenterOfTheUniverse Tokyo]] in the general rapid transit systems category, Moscow's Metro system is both an impressive feat of engineering and architecture. The plans for it sprang up [[OlderThanTheyThink back in the 1880's]], but due to the city government hating all public works as a matter of principle, and ridiculously rich Moscow merchants being tightfisted about anything that wasn't fueling their ego, it wasn't until Stalin that work actually began (actually thanks to Lazar Kaganovich, then railways minister) in 1935, when both the funds and workforce were finally available. The deep underground tunnels and stations were explicitly envisioned as bomb shelters for the people of Moscow, and the wisdom of this move was proved during WorldWarII, when most stations served as such, and some were converted to house various important military installations -- like Chistye Prudy station that was an Air Defense HQ.

There are 12 lines, which are designated by names, numbers and colors, and the lines tend to be referred to by their colors in the colloquial speech, except when the similarly colored lines may cause confusion (there are Green diameter, Lettuce chord and Emerald segment-that-may-become-another-ring) and in the case of the Ring line -- it's never referred to by its color (brown), but always as "Koltsevaya" ("The Ring Line").[[note]]There's an old joke that the Ring Line exists only because Stalin placed his coffee mug on a map of the planned Metro network, leaving a coffee stain; at least some wags connect this to the "official" colour of the line.[[/note]] The lines are arranged in a wheel pattern, with seven radial lines running the city end to end being spokes, the intersecting grid they form in the city center constituting a hub, and Koltsevaya line, roughly corresponding to the Garden Ring along the edge of the city center, being the rim. There are also two shorter half-length radial lines, and since the plans of having the second ring to relieve the overloaded central grid are perpetually postponed due to the lack of funds, they are replaced by the ''ad hoc''-built "chordal" lines, connecting the spokes outside of the ring, of which there are now two. [[AwesomeButImpractical Moscow Monorail]] is also often lumped here as a third chordal line (it is also run by the Metro company), but is actually a completely different affair, though there are efforts to better integrate it into the system. In 2016, the Moscow Railroad Ring, a pre-existing railroad that previously was used to move freight trains from one direction to another, was annexed by the Metro and adapted to be the second ring line. Its colors are red and white (they ran out of single colors and started to use two-color combos).

Trains are very frequent, less than a minute apart during rush hour, and a supposedly horrendously long 7 minutes apart after midnight (stations open at 05:30 and close at 01:00 for maintenance), so no schedule is available to passengers -- you'd never wait long enough to warrant it. Direction can be determined by the gender of the announcer (male for into the city or clockwise, female out or counter-clockwise[[note]]As the saying goes, "Your boss calls you to work, your wife calls you home". Yep, we know...[[/note]]). It's also almost impossible to get lost there, as there's only one branch in the whole system, maps are plastered on every imaginable surface, columns equipped with a voice link to information bureaus and emergency services stand on every station, and signs showing where you can get from here abound -- in fact, it is only second to the Tokyo subway in usability and usefulness of its signage -- if you [[SarcasmMode just so happen to know Russian]], of course, as there's very little in the way of international signs. This is slowly changing with time, with addition of English signage on the maps and floor and wall transfer direction indicators on the few stations that have them. One other thing that can sometimes be confusing is the exits. Most stations have two or more exits - some leading to the surface, others to long tunnels which lead to other stations, sometimes even crossing over each other. Taking a wrong turn can put you surprisingly far from where you wanted to go. However these passages are clearly marked (in Russian) - it sometimes just takes a minute to figure out what tunnel goes where.

There are 12 lines, which are designated by names, numbers and colors, and the lines tend to be referred to by their colors in the colloquial speech, except when the similarly colored lines may cause confusion (there are Green diameter, Lettuce chord and Emerald segment-that-may-become-another-ring) and in the case of the Ring line -- it's never referred to by its color (brown), but always as "Koltsevaya" ("The Ring Line").[[note]]There's an old joke that the Ring Line exists only because Stalin placed his coffee mug on a map of the planned Metro network, leaving a coffee stain; at least some wags connect this to the "official" colour of the line.[[/note]] The lines are arranged in a wheel pattern, with seven radial lines running the city end to end being spokes, the intersecting grid they form in the city center constituting a hub, and Koltsevaya line, roughly corresponding to the Garden Ring along the edge of the city center, being the rim. There are also two shorter half-length radial lines, and since the plans of having the second ring to relieve the overloaded central grid are perpetually postponed due to the lack of funds, they are replaced by the ''ad hoc''-built "chordal" lines, connecting the spokes outside of the ring, of which there are now two. [[AwesomeButImpractical Moscow Monorail]] is also often lumped here as a third chordal line (it is also run by the Metro company), but is actually a completely different affair, though there are efforts to better integrate it into the system.

The Metro is a lifeline for notoriously traffic-jammed Moscow, as it's often the only means to reliably reach the desired destination when major highways are jammed for hours, and any accident in the Metro leads to the city grinding a standstill. Fortunately, the accidents are pretty rare, and even The One Under is rarely a fatality -- taking into account [[UsefulNotes/TheLondonUnderground London's example]], there's a deep trench between the rails on every station. It also has another feature based on the English experience -- until recently there was exactly ''one'' station with a curved platform, and only recently the second one was built (both with quite large radius of curvature and not by choice), so the distinctive caution to mind the gap is simply unneeded there. It is replaced, however by the another, no less iconic phrase: "Ostorozhno, dveri zakryvayutsya," or "Be careful, the doors are closing." Sometimes you can hear another phrase: "Be careful when leaving through last door of last car," because some stations are not long enough to fully guarantee that train will actually fit. However, the more common concern is that on some such station and extremely strong wind may blow from the tunnel, strong enough to knock down a clumsy unsuspecting person. Another interesting feature is that there are ''no'' fare zones -- in contrast to much of the other world's subway systems, the fare is flat and each and every trip costs the same amount (50 r. as of 2015 or ~$1) regardless of its length or number of transfers. The Metro uses smartcards as tickets, with 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 or 60 uses and limited lifetime (45 days for a 60-use ticket), unlimited-but-no-more-than-once-per-7-minutes replenishable plastic smartcards with 30, 90 and 365 days of use and recently added "90-minutes" tickets and "Trojka" smartcards doubling for use in the other city transportation. There are social monthly tickets and replenishable cards as well. In USSR times it used common coins (~$0.007 as of 1985), then inflation forced the switch to special tokens, then counterfeiting prompted the switch to magnetic cards and smartcards. The system has been under constant overuse for last 20 years, so many wish to stay in traffic jams rather use the Metro. Ironically enough, there are human-jams on hub stations at rush hours, though the travel time is much more predictable than above the ground.

There are 12 lines, which are designated by names, numbers and colors, and the lines tend to be referred to by their colors in the colloquial speech, except when the similarly colored lines may cause confusion (there are Green diameter, Lettuce chord and Emerald segment-that-may-become-another-ring) and in the case of the Ring line -- it's never referred to by its color (brown), but always as "Koltsevaya" ("The Ring Line"). The lines are arranged in a wheel pattern, with seven radial lines running the city end to end being spokes, the intersecting grid they form in the city center constituting a hub, and Koltsevaya line, roughly corresponding to the Garden Ring along the edge of the city center, being the rim. There are also two shorter half-length radial lines, and since the plans of having the second ring to relieve the overloaded central grid are perpetually postponed due to the lack of funds, they are replaced by the ''ad hoc''-built "chordal" lines, connecting the spokes outside of the ring, of which there are now two. [[AwesomeButImpractical Moscow Monorail]] is also often lumped here as a third chordal line (it is also run by the Metro company), but is actually a completely different affair, though there are efforts to better integrate it into the system.