History UsefulNotes / LatinLanguage

An ancient language, the predominant language of AncientRome, and for centuries following UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}} and the [[UsefulNotes/{{Christianity}} Catholic Church]]. It's still extensively used and studied by academics and is an official language of UsefulNotes/VaticanCity, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. The most recent common ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Neapolitan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the [[UsefulNotes/TheHouseOfNormandy Normans]] who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in UsefulNotes/TheRenaissance and [[UsefulNotes/TheEnlightenment Enlightenment]] as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

An ancient language, the predominant language of AncientRome, and for centuries following UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}} and the [[UsefulNotes/{{Christianity}} Catholic Church]]. It's still extensively used and studied by academics and is an official language of UsefulNotes/VaticanCity, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. The most recent common ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Neapolitan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

An ancient language, the predominant language of AncientRome, and for centuries following UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}} and the [[UsefulNotes/{{Christianity}} Catholic Church]]. It's still extensively used and studied by academics and is an official language of UsefulNotes/VaticanCity, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. The most recent common ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

An ancient language, the predominant language of AncientRome, and for centuries following UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}} and the [[UsefulNotes/{{Christianity}} Catholic Church]]. It's still extensively studied by academics and is an official language of UsefulNotes/VaticanCity, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. The most recent common ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

An ancient language, the predominant language of AncientRome, and for centuries following UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}. It's still extensively studied by academics and is an official language of UsefulNotes/VaticanCity, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. Latin was the language of AncientRome, the Catholic Church, government, law, trade, taxonomy, [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking and]] Creator/JohnCleese. The most recent common ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

An ancient language, the predominant language of AncientRome, and for centuries following the Empire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}. It's still extensively studied by academics and is an official language of the Vatican, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. Latin was the language of AncientRome, the Catholic Church, government, law, trade, taxonomy, [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking and]] Creator/JohnCleese. The most recent common ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

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An ancient language, the predominant language of the UsefulNotes/RomanEmpire, and for centuries following the Empire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}. It's still extensively studied by academics and is an official language of the Vatican, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. Latin was the language of AncientRome, the Catholic Church, government, law, trade, taxonomy, [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking and]] Creator/JohnCleese. The most recent common ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

The Latin Alphabet is the same as the English alphabet, except that there is no ''w'' or, if the Latin is Classical, ''j'', ''y'', or ''u''. The following is a pronunciation guide of the Latin Alphabet. Note that the pronunciation depends on whether the Latin is Classical or Ecclesiastical. Note that there is a competing hypothesis that in classical pronunciation, vowels differed only in length and not in sound quality. In any case, vowel length is very important, especially in poetry.

The Latin Alphabet is the same as the English alphabet, except that there is no ''w'' or, if the Latin is Classical, ''j'', ''y'', or u''. The following is a pronunciation guide of the Latin Alphabet. Note that the pronunciation depends on whether the Latin is Classical or Ecclesiastical. Note that there is a competing hypothesis that in classical pronunciation, vowels differed only in length and not in sound quality. In any case, vowel length is very important, especially in poetry.

Archaic Latin was in fact extant in Italy for centuries before Rome was even founded. However, written Latin did not begin in proper until the the 200s B.C. Before then, there was some written Latin, but mostly it was for official purposes such as religious rites or laws.

The Latin Alphabet is the same as the English alphabet, except that there is no ''w'' or, if the Latin is Classical, ''j'', ''y'', or u''. The following is a pronunciation guide of the Latin Alphabet. Note that the pronunciation depends on whether the Latin is Classical or Ecclesiastical. Note that there is a competing hypothesis that in classical pronunciation, vowels differed only in length and not in sound quality.

The Latin Alphabet is the same as the English alphabet, except that there is no ''w'' or, if the Latin is Classical, ''j'', ''y'', or u''. The following is a pronunciation guide of the Latin Alphabet. Note that the pronunciation depends on whether the Latin is Classical or Ecclesiastical.

||Ă ă||"a" as in "father", but shorter, like “o” in American English “hot”, “stop”||Generally the same as the Classical Latin, albeit a bit more flexible.||

||Ŏ ŏ||”o” as in "often", “dog” in East Coast American English||"||

||P p||English "p"||English "p"||

||S s||always "s" as in "song"||"s" as in "sing". When between two vowels or when final and preceded by a voiced consonant, the "s" sounds more like a "z" as in "dozen".||

An ancient language, the predominant language of the UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire, and for centuries following the Empire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}. It's still extensively studied by academics and is an official language of the Vatican, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. Latin was the language of AncientRome, the Catholic Church, government, law, trade, taxonomy, [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking and]] Creator/JohnCleese. The most recent common ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

An ancient language, the predominant language of the UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire, and for centuries following the Empire's fall it remained the ''[[CommonTongue lingua franca]]'' of UsefulNotes/{{Europe}}. It's still extensively studied by academics and is an official language of the Vatican, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. Latin was the language of AncientRome, the Catholic Church, government, law, trade, taxonomy, [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking and]] Creator/JohnCleese. The most recent ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

An ancient language, the predominant language of the UsefulNotes/TheRomanEmpire, and for centuries following the Empire's fall it remained the ''Lingua Franca'' of UsefulNotes/Europe. It's still extensively studied by academics and is an official language of the Vatican, but is considered a dead language because nobody speaks it natively. Latin was the language of AncientRome, the Catholic Church, government, law, trade, taxonomy, [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking and]] Creator/JohnCleese. The most recent ancestor of Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 more obscure regional languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]] collectively called the ''Romance languages''. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

-->-- Famous adage of embattled Latin students. [[labelnote:translation]]"Latin language is dead, as dead as it can be. First it killed the Romans and now it's killing me."[[/labelnote]]

A popular ancient language considered dead because nobody is born with it as a native language. Latin was the language of AncientRome, the Catholic Church, government, law, trade, taxonomy, [[ArsonMurderAndJaywalking and]] Creator/JohnCleese. It was the source language for the entire Romance Language family, its children being Italian, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Romanian, and around 25 rarer languages[[note]] including Aragonese, Aranese, Aromanian, Asturian, Catalan, Corsican, Friulian, Galician, Gallo, Genoese, Guernésiais, Jèrriais, Ladino, Ladin, Lombard, Mirandese, Moldovan, Occitan, Piedmontese, Romansh, Sardinian, Sicilian, Venetian, and Walloon[[/note]]. It also inserted its influence into many other languages, even those outside of its immediate family, most notably English, which is a West Germanic language (therefore closely related to Dutch and German), but acquired a dose of Latin thanks to the medieval conquest by the Normans who brought with them the Latin-influenced French, and this Latin influence to the English vocabulary has been augmented ''[[SelfDemonstratingArticle in extremis]]'' through the education and utility of Latin in the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the language of Science, Intellectualism, Law, ''et cetera''.

!Conjugation

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This page is a work in progress. Please help to expand it, especially the woefully incomplete Verbs section.

-> ''"Quidquid latine dictum sit, altum videtur"''
-->-- PretentiousLatinMotto that describes why people like Latin.

->''"Grumio est in culina."''
-->--Famous adage from the ''Literature/CambridgeLatinCourse'' textbooks

||M m||English "m" except at the end of a word, where it becomes a nasal quality of the preceding vowel (like modern French or Portuguese), but resurfaces before “b” “m” “p” in its regular pronunciation, before “n” “t” “d” as /n/, and before “c” “g” as /ng/ as in “thing”. Final “m” is also frequently elided in poetry, and may also have been in speech||English "m"||

||H h||English "h"||English "h"||

||C c||always a hard "c" as in "car", but sometimes stands in for (and pronounced as) hard “g”[[note]]which started out as a variant of “c” before becoming a separate letter before the Classical period[[/note]] in abbreviations and ad-hoc spellings||before "e", "i", "ae", or "or", the "c" has a "ch" sound. Otherwise, a hard "c"||

||C c||always a hard "c" as in "car"||before "e", "i", "ae", or "or", the "c" has a "ch" sound. Otherwise, a hard "c"||