History UsefulNotes / Kickboxing

** '''Dutch Rules''' or '''Dutch Kickboxing''': an old ruleset that came about when Japanese kickboxing and Muay Thai were first introduced in Holland in the 70s. It was developed by the Netherland Kick Boxing Bond in the 1970s when the late Jan Plas brought the sport from Japan to his native country. Dutch rules prohibited elbow strikes and limited knee strikes (only to the body) since Dutch kickboxers placed a huge emphasis on footwork, leg kicks and punching combinations as they drew heavily from Kyokushin karate and Western boxing. However, elbows were allowed if both parties agree to it. These changes were aimed at reducing injuries and making bouts more accessible to Dutch TV viewers, compared to Muay Thai. It pretty much has been replaced by Oriental Rules, though it was instrumental in the latter's modern development.

* '''Pyx-Lax''', '''Orthostadin Pagration''', '''Ano Machia''', or '''Ano Pankration''': the kickboxing section of modern Pankration Athlima. It is still unclear whether the Ancient Greeks had a kickboxing-like component to go along with its boxing (pygmē/pygmachia), wrestling (palē) and pankration traditions, but that hasn’t stopped modern practitioners from allowing themselves to have one. Athletes wear the traditional uniform called endyma, composed of two parts: the upper part called cheitonion which is white and represents the clouds surrounding the planet earth and the bottom part named periskelis which is blue and represents the sea surrounding the continents. The technical and refereeing (hellanodikes) terms are in Greek.There is however differences between the rules from different organizations around the world.

* '''Draka''': a Russian variation that looks like a slightly modified version of sanda. Its origins are greatly contested except that it was developed in the late 80s, one group says it was developed by Nikolai Romanov at the Rossich Sports Club from a fusion of boxing, judo, karate, sambo, Muay Thai and other martial arts, another group says it was developed by veterans of the counter terrorism group Spetsgruppa "A" (also known as Alpha Group or Alfa) based on a modified form of ARB (see UsefulNotes/{{Sambo}}), while yet another group says it was created by a few sanda practitioners who decided to "Russianize" it into their own sport. It gained a bit of attention due to a few Pay-Per-Views in the US, brought over by Igor Ejov and his wife Marina Radionova, though kind of dropped out off the map after those events for a while. However, it now seems to have further evolved into a more MMA-style sport resembling pre-1994 Shooto, thanks to a 30 second time limit for groundfighting, though without knockdown counts in pro rules (amateur rules apparently each fighter is allowed two standing eight counts before the next knockdown means defeat) and with the allowance of ground-and-pound. Its modern form is known as '''Xtreme Gladiator''' in the USA and used by events promoted by the International Kickboxing Federation and the International Sport Combat Federation (where it is called '''DRAKA XG''').

* '''Dambe''' or '''Dembe''': a variation from the Hausa people of Nigeria. Similar to the Irish Travellers bare-knuckle boxing traditions, its origins come from clans of Hausa fisherman and butcher caste groups traveling to farm villages at harvest time to challenge each other to settle disputes before it evolved into local harvest festival entertainment. Its unique features start with how the hands are used, one hand is considered the strong-side fist, traditionally known as the "spear", is wrapped in a piece of cloth covered by tightly knotted cord and used to strike the opponent (some sources claim that boxers in the past would dip their spear in sticky resin mixed with bits of broken glass and was eventually banned, just like a similar myth from Muay Thai). The other hand, called the "shield", would as the name implies act as a defensive hand, is held as a bare open palm facing toward the opponent, said hand can be used to block, grab, or clinch. Kicks and sweeps are also allowed, with sources claiming that traditional matches required fighters to have one leg wrapped in a chain, though modern matches have done away with that. Matches last three rounds, though modern rules use time limits, traditionally there weren't any so rounds ended when: 1) there is no activity, 2) one of the participants or an official calls a halt, or 3) a participant's hand, knee, or body touches the ground, which is considered "killing the opponent", these rules are still in effect today. Traditional bouts had fighters wear a loincloth called warki, though modern bouts have participants wear shorts instead. Traditional matches took place in a cleared area called the "battlefield", with spectators forming the boundaries of the area, some modern urban bouts take place in temporary rings, often setup outside meatpacking plants as members of traditional butcher castes still predominate, while larger bouts in large towns use sand filled West African Lutte Traditionnelle (traditional wrestling) arenas. While it is not well known, the sport has received mainstream attention from Nigeria's Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development as its minister, Sunday Dare pledged in December 2019 to create a national league plus cooperating with the Dambe Sport Association to form a federation for organizing competitions and tournaments across and outside Nigeria, and several organizations like the African Warriors Fighting Championship and Dambe Warriors Championship have been bringing it to English speaking audiences.

* '''Draka''': a Russian variation that looks like a slightly modified version of sanda. Its origins are greatly contested except that it was developed in the late 80s, one group says it was developed by Nikolai Romanov at the Rossich Sports Club from a fusion of boxing, judo, karate, sambo, Muay Thai and other martial arts, another group says it was developed by veterans of the counter terrorism group Spetsgruppa "A" (also known as Alpha Group or Alfa) based on a modified form of ARB (see UsefulNotes/{{Sambo}}), while yet another group says it just straight up looked at sanda and decided to "Russianize" it into their own sport. It gained a bit of attention due to a few Pay-Per-Views in the US, brought over by Igor Ejov and his wife Marina Radionova, though kind of dropped out off the map after those events for a while. However, it now seems to have further evolved into a more MMA-style sport resembling pre-1994 Shooto, thanks to a 30 second time limit for groundfighting, though without knockdown counts in pro rules (amateur rules apparently each fighter is allowed two standing eight counts before the next knockdown means defeat) and with the allowance of ground-and-pound. Its modern form is known as '''Xtreme Gladiator''' in the USA and used by events promoted by the International Kickboxing Federation and the International Sport Combat Federation (where it is called '''DRAKA XG''').

** '''Sanshou''' or '''Sanda''': a Chinese variation similar to Shootboxing, just without the standing submissions. Originally developed as a military fighting system based on the study of various styles of kung fu, the sport version ultimately became kickboxing-like, only with the addition of throws, takedowns, sweeps and even leg catches, aa typical in kung fu styles. Uniquely, matches can take place in either a boxing ring or an elevated platform called a ''lei tai'', which is basically a ring without ropes and is a throwback to the old days of Chinese kung fu duels. Matches on the ''lei tai'' contain different rules, for it allows (in fact encourages) throwing opponents off the platform to score points and/or defeat the opponent should they be thrown off enough times. Like UsefulNotes/MuayThai in Thailand, it is the most popular combat sport in its country of origin and it has steadily been growing its pool of talent on the international scale since the 90s. Sanda also enjoys official backing from the Chinese government and is considered one of the two "official" ''Wushu'' styles, along with ''Taolou'' — forms or sequences of movements.

* '''Suntukan''': The general term for the empty handed techniques of Filipino martial arts. It also known by many other names depending on the region of the Philippines it is taught in like, '''Pangamot''', '''Pakamot''', '''Sumbagay''', '''Bakbakan''', '''Mano-Mano''', '''De Cadena''', '''Cadena de Mano''', '''Arnis de Mano''', etc, while in the west it known as '''Panantukan''', '''Panununtukan''' (these two were supposedly used as to not be confused with Shotokan Karate), '''Filipino Boxing''', or just '''Dirty Boxing'''. While it usually refers to upper body striking techniques like punches, elbows, headbutts, shoulder strikes, and limb destructions, most masters will teach them alongside kicks, knees, stomps and trips (which they will refer to as Sikaran, Paninipa, Pagsipa, Pananadiyak, Pagtadiyak, etc in the Phillipines, while it is known as Pananjkman/Panandiakman in the west) and grappling (which is usually refered to as Dumog or Buno, along with many other names depending on which region and/or ethic group of the Phillipines it is practiced in, though most masters discourage prolonged exchanges). Unlike most martial arts, empty handed techniques are for the higher grades after weapons training has been mastered, as advanced students are expected to be able to apply experience with weapons to unarmed fighting (though there are a few masters that start with (and even fewer that only teach) empty hands fighting). This is because almost all techniques are directly based on weapon usage and why they also feature things like elbow blocks, bolo punches and other chopping strikes, and an emphasis on evasive maneuvers and parrying stances, with practitioners typically circling constantly to avoid getting hit and look for openings, just like with knife fighting. While it is not meant for sport, several practitioners had sucess in boxing, kickboxing and MMA by adapting some of the techniques for the respective sports.

*** '''Pro TKD''': The first was developed by United States Taekwondo Committee president Doug Fuechsel under modified WTF rules that got some attention as a series on [=ESPN2=], though it only lasted from 1997 to 1998. Fighters had no protective equipment and was fought on tatami mats.
*** '''ITF Pro''': The second was developed by Croatian ITF stylist Anto Nobilo (under the ITF based on Austria) starting in 2007 with the hope of creating a "World Pro Taekwondo League", it differs from the above by limiting hand strikes to straight punches, with a maximum two can be thrown in a series before a kick like the original one above, all other hand punches (hook, uppercut, elbow) be penalized by penalty points and can be fought on tatami and the ring.
*** '''Pro-Taekwon Kickboxing''' or '''PTK''' for short: The third is a system developed in 2009, which is exclusive and unique to schools under the UK ITF organisation (which is a branch under Choi Jung Hwa's ITF). It is ITF-style taekwondo mixed with western boxing in a continuous full contact setting with competitions fought in the ring.

* '''Draka''': A Russian style that looks like a slightly modified version of sanda. Its origins are greatly contested except that it was developed in the late 80s, one group says it was developed by Nikolai Romanov at the Rossich Sports Club from a fusion of boxing, judo, karate, sambo, Muay Thai and other martial arts, another group says it was developed by veterans of the counter terrorism group Spetsgruppa "A" (also known as Alpha Group or Alfa) based on a modified form of ARB (see UsefulNotes/{{Sambo}}), while yet another group says it just straight up looked at sanda and decided to "Russianize" it into their own sport. It gained a bit of attention due to a few Pay-Per-Views in the US, brought over by Igor Ejov and his wife Marina Radionova, though kind of dropped out off the map after those events for a while. However, it now seems to have further evolved into a more MMA-style sport resembling pre-1994 Shooto, thanks to a 30 second time limit for groundfighting, though without knockdown counts in pro rules (amateur rules apparently each fighter is allowed two standing eight counts before the next knockdown means defeat) and with the allowance of ground-and-pound. Its modern form is known as '''Xtreme Gladiator''' in the USA and used by events promoted by the International Kickboxing Federation and the International Sport Combat Federation (where it is called '''DRAKA XG''').

* '''Kung Do Te''': Also called '''Ruy San Ryu''', it is a system developed by Ruy Manuel Raposo de Mendonça in Portugal in the 60s. A black belt in Shotokai karate and Ninjutsu Bunjinkan and also a trainer in the Portuguese military, he was inspired by what he believed to be the "completeness" of kung fu and then traveled to several countries to observe the best techniques of different fighting disciplines and began to test those techniques with his students. After a few years of improvement, he realized the potential of the new style for competitions and incorporated some techniques and characteristics of Western boxing, including gloves and the ring, making Kung Do Te one of the first full-contact martial art forms, even before the creation of American Kickboxing. It eventually became more of a MMA-style sport in the mid 2000s and shortened the name to '''Kung Do'''.

* '''Draka''': a slightly modified version of sanda developed by a few Russian practitioners, namely Igor Ejov and his wife, Marina Radionova. It gained a bit of attention due to a few Pay-Per-Views in the US, though kind of dropped out off the map after those events for a while. However, it now seems to have further evolved into a more MMA-style sport resembling pre-1994 Shooto, thanks to a 30 second time limit for groundfighting, though without knockdown counts in pro rules (amateur rules apparently each fighter is allowed two standing eight counts before the next knockdown means defeat) and with the allowance of ground-and-pound. Its modern form is known as '''Xtreme Gladiator''' in the USA and used by events promoted by the International Kickboxing Federation and the International Sport Combat Federation (where it is called '''DRAKA XG''').

* '''Full Contact''', '''Knock Out Fighting''' or '''American Kickboxing''': born in the United States, this style is, as mentioned before, conservative in its rules and based on karate competitions and was even preferred to as '''Professional Karate''' or '''(American) Full Contact Karate (or just Contact Karate for short)''' in its early days. Its fighters wear long trousers with shin pads and boxing gloves, as well as protective helmets if they are amateur or under 16. On the ring, they can use only punches and kicks (usually with the foot, although the shin is sometimes legal too), and kicking about and below the waist is forbidden altogether. Clinch-fighting is similarly forbidden, but sweeps can be allowed depending on the ruleset. There was also a "mandatory kick count requirement", 6 for amateurs and 8 for pros until it was removed in July 2009 (though fights in the UK continue to use it), though referees may choose to give a "warning" or even a "point deduction" for a fighter who does not appear to be kicking enough.

** '''Full Contact Karate''' or '''Knockdown Karate''': as stated before, karate could be considered a "kickboxing" style in the wider sense, but none is more true then Full contact karate. The term can be used to any style of karate where the Kumite is not for points, but for a knockdown. The most traditional style is Kyokushin, created by BloodKnight Mas Oyama, fighters are bareknuckle, can punch anywhere except the face (and groin, obviously) and kick anywhere (including the face!). Kyokushin influenced the creation of Kickboxing and in a roundabout way, many karatekas were influenced by kickboxing and developed their own full-contact styles with different rules and techniques, with styles that use boxing gloves getting called '''Glove Karate (or Shin Karate)''' and other styles evolved into a more MMA-oriented sport, most famously Kudo (or Daido Juku) and its offshoot Zendokai.

** '''Pro Taekwondo''': like karate, taekwondo could also be considered a "kickboxing" style in the wider sense, though pro taekwondo embodies it the best. It is basically taekwondo under full contact rules, though it features a rule where points are deducted if more than two punches are thrown before a kick is thrown and is also fought in a ring instead of tatami mats. It was formed by a few masters who left the Korea Taekwondo Association in the early 1960s in order to focus on developing practical techniques for taekwondo (probably inspired by development of kickboxing and Kyuk Too Ki above), forming their own competition rules for taekwondo before founding the Korea Pro Taekwondo Federation in 1970s (now the World Korea Pro Taekwondo Federation), though another master named Soo Hyun Ye split off to created the International Pro Taekwondo Federation/Association in 1979. While pro is in the name, it is misleading as it also has amateur competitions. It sort of underwent an experimental phase in the late 90s, doing things like fighting in shorts or long trousers instead of the traditional dorok etc, before it course corrected to avoid looking like a cheap knock off of other kickboxing styles. There are also a few unrelated styles that were also called Pro Taekwondo.

* '''Burlamaqui‘s Rules''': a ruleset developed for UsefulNotes/{{Capoeira}} of all things in an attempt to legitimize it into a Brazilian national sport. Created by Anibal “Mestre Zuma” Burlamaqui, an advocate for a more fighting-oriented style of capoeira which he referred to as Gymnástica Nacional (“National Gymnastics”) since capoeira was still a stigmatized street practice at the time. In 1928, he published the first capoeira training manual, “Gymnástica nacional (capoeiragem), methodisada e regrada”, where he introduced “boxing-like” rules for capoeira competition, specifically adapting it for fights in the ring. It was done without music, had three minutes rounds with two minutes of rest in between and capoeiristas were to dress in shorts, shirts and boxing ankle boots. Techniques included; kicks, open hand strikes (they wore no gloves), closed fist punches, sweeps, and stand-up grappling, though on at least one occasion, a modification was allowed for groundfighting. Unfortunately, the rules seemed to mostly be used to settle duels between different schools of capoeira, if they didn’t just do it through full vale tudo rules, and eventually fell out of favour for what capoeira is now.
* '''Takanakuy''': an annual Peruvian festival held on Christmas Day by the inhabitants of Chumbivilcas Province, near Cuzco that consists of dancing and most notably one-on-one fights to settle conflicts. Rules in the fights allow only punching and kicking and instantly disqualifies offenses like biting, hitting a grounded opponent, and pulling hair. Fighters traditionally have to wrap their hands in cloth, though there is an allowance for them to just go bare handed and modern hand wraps and MMA gloves are allowed now and footwear is rather liberal as they can fight barefoot, in sandals, in shoes, or in boots. While traditionally women were not allowed to fight, though modern times have allowed them to, but uniquely many choose to fight in traditional dresses and skirts on for some reason even though they are allowed more casual/practical wear. Fights are won by knockout (more like knockdown) or intervention by the official with most fights lasting less than three minutes, but if the loser of the fight disagrees with the outcome, he or she can appeal for another fight. At the start and at the end of the fight, the opponents must shake hands or give each other a hug.

* '''Takanakuy''': an annual Peruvian festival held on Christmas Day by the inhabitants of Chumbivilcas Province, near Cuzco that consists of dancing and most notably fights to settle conflicts. Rules in fighting allow punching and kicking and disallows biting, hitting a grounded opponent, and pulling hair. Fighters traditionally have to wrap their hands in cloth, though there is an allowance for them to just go bare handed and modern hand wraps and MMA gloves are allowed now and footwear is rather liberal as they can fight barefoot, in sandals, in shoes, or in boots. While traditionally women were not allowed to fight, though modern times have allowed them to, but uniquely many choose to fight in traditional dresses and skirts on for some reason even though they are allowed more casual/practical wear. Fights are won by knockout (more like knockdown) or intervention by the official with most fights lasting less than three minutes, but if the loser of the fight disagrees with the outcome, he or she can appeal for another fight. At the start and at the end of the fight, the opponents must shake hands or give each other a hug.

* '''Takanakuy''': an annual Peruvian festival held on Christmas Day by the inhabitants of Chumbivilcas Province, near Cuzco that consists of dancing and most notably fights to settle conflicts. Rules in fighting allow punching and kicking and disallows biting, hitting a grounded opponent, and pulling hair. Fighters traditionally have to wrap their hands in cloth, though there is an allowance for them to just go bare handed and modern hand wraps and MMA gloves are allowed now and footwear is rather liberal as they can fight barefoot, in sandals, in shoes, or in boots. While traditionally women were not allowed to fight, though modern times have allowed them to, but uniquely many choose to fight in traditional dresses and skirts on for some reason even though they are allowed more casual/practical wear. Fights are won by knockout or intervention by the official with most fights lasting less than three minutes, but if the loser of the fight disagrees with the outcome, he or she can appeal for another fight. At the start and at the end of the fight, the opponents must shake hands or give each other a hug.

** The Australian Federation of Pankration Athlima uses two (2) two (2) minute rounds, allows elbows and knees to the body and scores points with them, all strikes to the face are banned, and allows throws, takedowns, clinching, sweeps, and trips. The rules are also referred to as '''Striking Rules'''.

* '''Pyx-Lax''', '''Orthostadin Pagration''', '''Ano Machia''', or '''Ano Pankration''': the kickboxing section of modern Pankration Athlima. It is still unclear whether the Ancient Greeks had a kickboxing-like component to go along with its boxing (pygmē/pygmachia), wrestling (palē) and pankration traditions, but that hasn’t stopped modern practitioners from allowing themselves to have one. There is however differences between the rules from different organizations around the world.

* '''Stickboxing''': a blend of Filipino stickfighting and kickboxing... [[NotMakingThisUpDisclaimer yes really]]. Its creation is credited to the late master Theodore "Ted" Lucaylucay, one of the first graduates of Dan Inosanto’s Academy in both Kali and Jeet Kune Do with training in many other forms of martial arts aside from those, namely being a western boxing champion in Hawaii like his father and grandfather. It is supposedly a modified version of Filipino stickfighting duels done before World War Two, as the US army banned its original form due to it being too dangerous as it is said that duels usually ended in permanent injury and disability or death, either for one or sometimes both opponents. Originally, the duels allowed participants the use of sticks called “bahi” or “kamagoon” which were made from ironwood, a wood heavier and harder than rattan training sticks, while stickboxing uses long cylindrical nylon stick padded with canvas and only a single stick is used in competitions. Additionally, stickboxing is lightly armor for safety compared modern arnis competitions which uses head to toe padding covered armor, with headgear that consists of a wire mesh face cage attached to boxing-style headgear or a hockey-type helmet, padded gloves for both hands, one to hold the stick to strike with and the other hand is "bare", elbow pads are used but knee pads usually are not because of the limitations they place on mobility. Strikes can be delivered with the tip, the center and the butt of the stick as well as with the hand that grips it, in conjunction with the "empty" hand for blocking and punching along with both elbow and knee strikes from both sides (offensive knee strikes, though legal, are delivered at less than full power, with the objective being not to injure but to score points). Competition fights consist of rounds timed at either two or three minutes depending on the class and skill level of the fighters. Outside competition, techniques taught include headbutts, throws, takedowns, and even ground fighting with submissions due to master Lucaylucay's JKD training. It eventually got taken up and expanded upon by other Inosanto students like the infamous Dog Brothers who took the concept and allowed in grappling (as well as headbutts and even groin shots) and using other weapons in their "Real Contact Stick Fighting" bouts during their "gatherings" and lesser known groups like Sayoc Kali practitioners, who also follows the Dog Brothers example and sometimes even organize matches without the use of protective equipment at all.

** '''Shou Bo''': a modern offshoot of the Chinese wrestling martial art of shuai jiao. Created in France of all places by a Chinese shuai jiao practitioner named Yuan Zumou who wanted to spread shuai jiao in France, founded the French Association of Shuai Jiao to do so and created a new ruleset in the hopes that it would help popularise it and the French Shou Bo Association to spread it. There are records dating back to the Han dynasty of a style of unarmed, no-holds-barred fighting called shou bo, which is where modern shou bo gets its name, though obviously nowhere near as brutal as depicted in the past. Like normal shuai jiao it requires its competitors to wear a yi (jacket), dai (belt), kuzi (trousers), and xie (wrestling boots), though unlike regular shuai jiao they also need MMA gloves and headgear and the rules prohibit shin kicks, knee strikes, elbow strikes, punches to the face, and striking while holding the jacket.

** '''Pro Taekwondo''': like karate, taekwondo could also be considered a "kickboxing" style in the wider sense, though pro taekwondo embodies it the best. It is basically taekwondo under full contact rules and is perhaps the closest substitute to the now-extinct High Kick Only rules of American Kickboxing due to no kicking below the waist, though it features a rule where points are deducted if more than two punches are thrown before a kick is thrown. It was formed by a few masters who left the Korea Taekwondo Association in the early 1960s in order to focus on developing practical techniques for taekwondo (probably inspired by development of kickboxing and Kyuk Too Ki above), forming their own competition rules for taekwondo before founding the Korea Pro Taekwondo Federation in 1970s (now the World Korea Pro Taekwondo Federation), though another master named Soo Hyun Ye split off to created the International Pro Taekwondo Federation/Association in 1979. While pro is in the name, it is misleading as it also has amateur competitions. It sort of underwent an experimental phase in the late 90s, doing things like fighting in shorts or long trousers instead of the traditional dorok, allowing low kicks and sweeps, etc, before it course corrected to avoid looking like a cheap knock off of other kickboxing styles. There were also a few unrelated styles that were also called Pro Taekwondo. The first was developed by United States Taekwondo Committee president Doug Fuechsel under modified WTF rules that got some attention as a series on ESPN2, though it only lasted from 1997 to 1998. The other was developed by Croatian ITF stylist Anto Nobilo starting in 2007 with the hope of creating a "World Pro Taekwondo League", it differs from the above by limiting hand strikes to straight punches.

** '''Pro Taekwondo''': like karate, taekwondo could also be considered a "kickboxing" style in the wider sense, though pro taekwondo embodies it the best. It is basically ITF-style taekwondo under full contact rules and is perhaps the closest substitute to the now-extinct High Kick Only rules of American Kickboxing. It was formed by a few masters who left the International Taekwondo Federation after the South Korean government adandoned its support for it and created the World Taekwondo Federation instead, which led to the creation of the International Pro Taekwondo Federation and the Korea Pro Taekwondo Federation (now the World Korea Pro Taekwondo Federation). While pro is in the name, it is misleading as it also has amateur competitions. It sort of underwent an experimental phase in the late 90s, doing things like fighting in shorts or long trousers instead of the traditional dorok, allowing low kicks and sweeps, etc, before it course corrected to avoid looking like a cheap knock off of other kickboxing styles. There were also a few unrelated styles that were also called Pro Taekwondo. The first was developed by United States Taekwondo Committee president Doug Fuechsel under modified WTF rules that got some attention as a series on ESPN2, though it only lasted from 1997 to 1998. The other was developed by Croatian ITF stylist Anto Nobilo starting in 2007 with the hope of creating a "World Pro Taekwondo League", it differs from the above by limiting hand strikes to straight punches.

* '''Suntukan''': The general term for the empty handed techniques of Filipino martial arts. It also known by many other names depending on the region of the Philippines it is taught in like, '''Pangamot''', '''Pakamot''', '''Sumbagay''', '''Mano-Mano''', '''De Cadena''', '''Cadena de Mano''', '''Arnis de Mano''', etc, while in the west it known as '''Panantukan''', '''Panununtukan''' (these two were supposedly used as to not be confused with Shotokan Karate), '''Filipino Boxing''', or just '''Dirty Boxing'''. While it usually refers to upper body striking techniques like punches, elbows, headbutts, shoulder strikes, and limb destructions, most masters will teach them alongside kicks, knees, stomps and trips (which they will refer to as Sikaran, Paninipa, Pagsipa, Pananadiyak, Pagtadiyak, etc in the Phillipines, while it is known as Pananjkman/Panandiakman in the west) and grappling (which is usually refered to as Dumog or Buno, along with many other names depending on which region and/or ethic group of the Phillipines it is practiced in, though most masters discourage prolonged exchanges). Unlike most martial arts, empty handed techniques are for the higher grades after weapons training has been mastered, as advanced students are expected to be able to apply experience with weapons to unarmed fighting (though there are a few masters that start with (and even fewer that only teach) empty hands fighting). This is because almost all techniques are directly based on weapon usage and why they also feature things like elbow blocks, bolo punches and other chopping strikes, and an emphasis on evasive maneuvers and parrying stances, with practitioners typically circling constantly to avoid getting hit and look for openings, just like with knife fighting. While it is not meant for sport, several practitioners had sucess in boxing, kickboxing and MMA by adapting some of the techniques for the respective sports.

* '''Tadyakamao''': a striking system developed by Filipino martial arts master Vicente "Vic" Ferrer as a part of his empty hand section of his "Disiplinados Kali" system. Originally calling it '''Mano-Mano/Sikaran''' or '''Mano-Mano Boksing''' in order not to confuse it with his Mano-Mano self-defense system (which in addition to everything in Tadyakamao, includes training in weapon awareness and dumog, Ferrer derived its techniques from several Philippine practices of training and self-defence, most notably Mano-Mano, Sikaran (the Filipino martial art of foot-fighting with an oral history since the 1500s from the Rizal province, of which Ferrer is a ranked master of), and Ferrer’s training with Lethwei practitioner Jose Nunez Lim. It places an intense emphasis on infighting with the use of the sturdiest bones of the body; open hand, closed fists, elbows, forearms, knees, shins, and heels. Other unique aspects is that both defence and offence are emphasized simultaneously in a concept called "suntokalasag", where striking and blocking have the same shape and posture, and it also uses fluid weaving motions that are designed to conserve energy. Due to its movement and stances that resemble the careful and silent motion of a tiger stalking its prey, it has been nicknamed '''Boksing Tigre''' ('''"Tiger Boxing"'''). It also features a belt ranking system.
* '''Stickboxing''': a blend of Filipino stickfighting and kickboxing... [[NotMakingThisUpDisclaimer yes really]]. Its creation is credited to the late master Theodore "Ted" Lucaylucay, one of the first graduates of Dan Inosanto’s Academy in both Kali and Jeet Kune Do with training in many other forms of martial arts aside from those, namely being a western boxing champion in Hawaii like his father and grandfather. It is supposedly a modified version of Filipino stickfighting duels done before World War Two, as the US army banned its original form due to it being too dangerous as it is said that duels usually ended in permanent injury and disability or death, either for one or sometimes both opponents. Originally, the duels allowed participants the use of sticks called “bahi” or “kamagoon” which were made from ironwood, a wood heavier and harder than rattan training sticks, while stickboxing uses long cylindrical nylon stick padded with canvas, only a single stick is used in competitions. Additionally, stickboxing is lightly armor for safety compared modern arnis competitions which uses head to toe padding covered armor, with headgear that consists of a wire mesh face cage attached to boxing-style headgear or a hockey-type helmet, padded gloves for both hands, one to hold the stick to strike with and the other hand is "bare", elbow pads are used but knee pads usually are not because of the limitations they place on mobility. Strikes can be delivered with the tip, the center and the butt of the stick as well as with the hand that grips it, in conjunction with the "empty" hand for blocking and punching along with both elbow and knee strikes from both sides (offensive knee strikes, though legal, are delivered at less than full power, with the objective being not to injure but to score points). Competition fights consist of rounds timed at either two or three minutes depending on the class and skill level of the fighters. Outside competition, techniques taught include headbutts, throws, takedowns, and even ground fighting with submissions due to master Lucaylucay's JKD training. It eventually got taken up and expanded upon by other Inosanto students like the infamous Dog Brothers who took the concept and allowed in grappling (as well as headbutts and even groin shots) and using other weapons in their "Real Contact Stick Fighting" bouts during their "gatherings" and lesser known groups like Sayoc Kali practitioners, who also follows the Dog Brothers example and sometimes even organize matches without the use of protective equipment at all.