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* ShownTheirWork: As stated above, the play is one of Shakespeare's more historically accurate works. He therefore incorporated many details from the known historical record into the play:
** Most of the play's characters are [[HistoricalDomainCharacter historical domain characters]] and were involved in the events depicted.
** At the festival of the Lupercalia, on February 15, 44 BC, Mark Antony tried to put a diadem (crown) on Caesar's head three times, with Caesar refusing each time. Many believe that Caesar's rejection of the diadem was a way to test the waters to see if there was enough support for him to become king. This incident was considered the last straw in a list of grievances which initiated the conspiracy against him.
** While the inclusion of the Soothsayer seemingly appears to be a Shakespearean plot device, there actually was a soothsayer involved in the events depicted. According to Plutarch, a seer had warned Caesar that his life would be in danger no later than the Ides of March. Suetonius identifies this seer as a haruspex (a person trained to practice a form of divination) named Spurinna.
** The conspiracy did originate with Cassius initially discussing the matter with Brutus, his brother-in-law, believing that something had to be done to prevent Caesar from becoming king of the Romans. Brutus was selected as the ringleader because his ancestor, Lucius Junius Brutus, helped depose Rome's last king several centuries earlier and establish the Roman Republic. Additionally, the conspiracy did eventually include all of those shown in the play: Casca, Decimus Brutus, Cinna, Cimber, Trebonius, and Ligarius.
** In the play, the conspirators reveal that they forged letters of support from the Roman people to tempt Brutus into joining. Brutus reads the letters and, after much moral debate, decides to join the conspiracy. Plutarch, Appian of Alexandria, and Cassius Dio all report that by late 45 BC, graffiti glorifying Brutus' ancestor Lucius Junius Brutus, panning Caesar's kingly ambitions, and making derogatory comments of Brutus failing to live up to his ancestors appeared in Rome. While Dio reports this public support came from the people of Rome, Plutarch however has the graffiti created by elites to shame Brutus into action (similar to what is shown in the play).
** Caesar did apparently have misgivings about Cassius. On March 1, 44 BC, while he was watching Cassius speaking with Brutus at the senate house, he purportedly said to an aide, "''What do you think Cassius is up to? I don't like him, he looks pale.''" Additionally, although Brutus ultimately became the leader of the conspiracy, Cassius was described as "the moving spirit" of the plot.
** There was discussion on whether to include Cicero, the famous orator, in the conspiracy. He was trusted by both Cassius and Brutus and had made it no secret that he considered Caesar's rule oppressive. He also had great popularity among the common people and a large network of friends, which would help attract others to join their cause. However, the conspirators considered Cicero too cautious, and ultimately decided not to include him.
** Additionally, there was also discussion on whether to assassinate Mark Antony, with Cassius in particular advocating this action. However, it was Brutus who nixed this. He argued that killing Caesar, and doing nothing else, was the only option they should choose--the conspirators claimed to be acting based on the principles of law and justice, and it would be unjust to kill Antony.
** Porcia, Brutus's wife, may have at least known about the plot. As shown in the play, Plutarch claims that she happened upon Brutus while he was pondering over what to do about Caesar and asked him what was wrong. When he did not answer, she suspected that he distrusted her on account of her being a woman, for fear she might reveal something, however unwillingly, under torture. To prove herself to him, she secretly inflicted a wound upon her own thigh with a barber's knife to see if she could endure the pain. As a result of the wound, she suffered from violent pains, chills, and fever (she is shown as ill in the play). Brutus was allegedly marveled when he saw the gash and promised to relate the whole plot. He is also said to have prayed that he might succeed in his undertaking and thus show himself a worthy husband. Yet he never got the chance, as they were interrupted and never had a moment's privacy before the conspiracy was carried out.
** Caesar's wife at the time, Calpurnia, did have an ominous nightmare in the early morning of March 15, 44 BC that mortal danger was awaiting him. Although there are different versions about what exactly she purportedly dreamed about, Shakespeare chose the version where she dreamed Caesar's body was streaming with blood. Calpurnia did beg Caesar not to go to the senate meeting that day. After some hesitation, he acquiesced. He then sent Mark Antony to dismiss the Senate. When the conspirators heard of this dismissal, Decimus Brutus, as in the play, went to Caesar's home to try to convince him to come to the Senate meeting. After Decimus dismissed Calpurnia's misgivings, Caesar ultimately decided to go to the Senate.
** According to Plutarch, there was an individual named Artemidorus of Knidos who tried to warn Caesar of the assassination plot on the Ides of March. He attempted to warn him with a written note, and although Caesar took the note, he did not look at it before entering the Senate.
** As Caesar took his seat in the Senate, Cimber, one of the conspirators, did actually present him with a petition to recall his exiled brother. This was meant to serve as a pretext to gather around and entrap Caesar. The other conspirators then crowded around to offer their support to Cimber, but Caesar tried to wave Cimber away. Additionally, as shown in the play, Casca was the first individual to stab Caesar, Caesar was ultimately stabbed 23 times, and according to Cicero, Caesar did fall at the foot of the statue of Pompey.
** There is some contention regarding actual Caesar's last words, as shown above. While there is no evidence that Caesar said "Et tu, Brute?", Plutarch reports that Caesar yielded to the attack after seeing Brutus' participation; Cassius Dio reported that Caesar shouted in Greek "''kai su teknon''" ("You too, child?").
** Not long after the assassination, Brutus did speak before the people. While the text of that speech is lost, Cassius Dio says the liberatores (Caesar's assassins) promoted their alleged support of democracy and liberty and told the people not to expect harm. The support of the people was initially tepid, but the assassination ultimately backfired because Caesar had been immensely popular with the Roman middle and lower classes, becoming enraged that a small group of aristocrats had killed their champion.
** After initially fleeing Rome fearing reprisal, Mark Antony soon came to a quick accommodation with Caesar's assassins. However, on March 20, the day of Caesar's funeral, Antony, as Caesar's faithful lieutenant and incumbent consul, was chosen to preside over the ceremony and to recite a eulogy. As in the play, he gave a demagogic speech, enumerating the deeds of Caesar and, publicly reading his will (made public the previous day), detailing the donations Caesar had left to the Roman people. Antony then seized the blood-stained toga from Caesar's body and presented it to the crowd. Worked into a fury by the bloody spectacle, the assembly turned into a riot. Several buildings in the Forum and some houses of the conspirators were burned to the ground. Also, as shown in the play, the poet Cinna was killed due to mistaken identity with the conspirator Cinna.
** A Triumvirate was formed between Mark Antony, Octavius (Caesar's grandnephew, adopted son, and heir), and Lepidus (Caesar's Master of the Horse) to rule the Roman world. At the time the Triumvirate was formed, Antony was clearly the most senior member. The primary objective of the Triumvirate was to avenge Caesar's death and to make war upon his murderers and their supporters, both domestically and abroad.
** During the first Battle of Philippi on October 3, 42 BC, Cassius, defeated and overrun by Mark Antony and, unaware of Brutus' victory against Octavius, ordered his freeman Pindarus to help him kill himself, as shown in the play; Pindarus then fled. Additionally, the centurion Titinius, on returning to find Cassius dead, killed himself.
** After the second Battle of Philippi on October 23, 42 BC, the defeated Brutus fled into the nearby hills with about four legions. Knowing his army had been defeated and that he would be captured, he took his own life by falling on his sword, as shown in the play. Additionally, some sources report that Antony, upon discovering Brutus' body, as a show of respect, covered it with a purple garment.
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** Shakespeare has Caesar say "Et tu, Brute?" ("And you, Brutus?") before he dies. Plutarch and Suetonius each report that he said nothing, with Plutarch adding that he pulled his toga over his head when he saw Brutus among the conspirators, although Suetonius does record other reports that Caesar said in Latin, "Ista quidem vis est" ("This is violence").

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Added more examples, via Wikipedia.


* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Although as noted below this play is much more historically accurate than other Shakespeare plays, he did take some liberties. There were actually two battles of Philippi over two weeks apart, with Cassius committing suicide after the first one, incorrectly thinking the Liberators had been defeated, and Brutus committing suicide after the second one in which the Liberators really were defeated.

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* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Although as noted below this play is much more historically accurate than other Shakespeare plays, he did take some liberties. liberties so as to curtail time and compress the facts so that the play could be staged more easily:
** Shakespeare made Caesar's triumph take place on the day of Lupercalia (February 15) instead of six months earlier.
** For dramatic effect, Shakespeare made the Capitol the venue of Caesar's death rather than the Curia Pompeia (Curia of Pompey).
** Caesar's murder, the funeral, Antony's oration, the reading of the will, and the arrival of Octavius all take place on the same day in the play. However, historically, the assassination took place on March 15 (The Ides of March), the will was published on March 18, the funeral was on March 20, and Octavius arrived only in May.
** Shakespeare had the Triumvirs first meet in Rome instead of near Bononia to avoid an additional locale.
**
There were actually two battles of Philippi over two weeks apart, with Cassius committing suicide after the first one, incorrectly thinking the Liberators had been defeated, and Brutus committing suicide after the second one in which the Liberators really were defeated.
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* HauntingTheGuilty: Brutus sees the ghost of Caesar, who ominously warns him of his fate in the upcoming battle.
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[[caption-width-right:350: ForegoneConclusion I wonder what will happen next.]]

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[[caption-width-right:350: ForegoneConclusion I wonder what will happen next.]]
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[[caption-width-right:350:I wonder what will happen next.]]

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[[caption-width-right:350:I [[caption-width-right:350: ForegoneConclusion I wonder what will happen next.]]
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* AdatationalNameChange: The figure of Decimus Brutus is mistakenly named Decius here.

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* AdatationalNameChange: AdaptationNameChange: The figure of Decimus Brutus is mistakenly named Decius here.
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* AdatationalNameChange: The figure of Decimus Brutus is mistakenly named Decius here.

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The play was adapted to film several times. The most famous is [[Film/JuliusCaesar1953 the 1953 version]], which starred Creator/MarlonBrando as Mark Antony, Creator/JamesMason as Brutus, Creator/JohnGielgud as Cassius, Creator/GreerGarson as Calpurnia, and Creator/DeborahKerr as Portia. The [[Film/JuliusCaesar1970 1970 version]] stars Creator/CharltonHeston as Mark Antony ([[RoleReprise reprising the role]] from a lower budget 1950 film version), Creator/JasonRobards as Brutus and Gielgud again, as Caesar this time around, among others.

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The play was adapted to film several times. The most famous is [[Film/JuliusCaesar1953 the 1953 version]], which starred Creator/MarlonBrando as Mark Antony, Creator/JamesMason as Brutus, Creator/JohnGielgud as Cassius, Creator/GreerGarson as Calpurnia, and Creator/DeborahKerr as Portia. The [[Film/JuliusCaesar1970 1970 version]] stars Creator/CharltonHeston as Mark Antony ([[RoleReprise reprising the role]] from a lower budget 1950 film version), Creator/JasonRobards as Brutus and Gielgud again, as Caesar this time around, among others.
others. The 2003 ''Series/{{Julius Caesar|2003}}'' miniseries, meanwhile, is not based off Shakespeare.




For the man himself, see UsefulNotes/JuliusCaesar.
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trope renamed and redefined per TRS


* OutDamnedSpot: Inverted, interestingly, when Brutus suggests:
-->''... Stoop, Romans, stoop,''\\
''And let us bathe our hands in ''Caesar's'' blood''\\
''Up to the elbows, and besmear our swords:''\\
''Then walk we forth, even to the market-place,''\\
''And waving our red weapons o'er our heads,''\\
''Let's all cry Peace, Freedom, and Liberty.''

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Died On Their Birthday is a new specific Sub Trope of A Birthday Not A Break; examples mentioning characters dying on their own birthdays will be absorbed by this new page.


* ABirthdayNotABreak: Cassius realizes it's his birthday right before the battle of Phillipi, where he's killed.


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* DiedOnTheirBirthday: Cassius mentions on the day of the Battle of Philippi that it's his birthday. He ends up committing suicide when his side loses.
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* LifeOfTheParty: Mark Antony is seen as a reveler and Brutus has little respect for him, doubting he even cares that much about Caesar, [[UnderestimatingBadassery which turns out to be completely wrong]].

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* LifeOfTheParty: Mark Antony is seen as a reveler frivolous party animal and Brutus has little respect for him, doubting he even cares that much about Caesar, [[UnderestimatingBadassery which turns out to be completely wrong]].



* SeriousBusiness: When Brutus meets with the conspirators for the first time, Cassius's line, "And let us swear our resolution," triggers a 30-line speech from Brutus dismissing oaths as unnecessary. It's unclear if Brutus feels that strongly on the subject, or if he's reacting because he feels that his authority is being subtly challenged by Cassius.

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* SeriousBusiness: When Brutus meets with the conspirators for the first time, Cassius's line, "And let us swear our resolution," triggers a 30-line speech from Brutus dismissing to the effect that oaths as are unnecessary. It's unclear if Brutus feels that strongly on the subject, or if he's reacting because he feels that his authority is being subtly challenged by Cassius.

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%% * LifeOfTheParty: Mark Antony.

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%% * LifeOfTheParty: Mark Antony.Antony is seen as a reveler and Brutus has little respect for him, doubting he even cares that much about Caesar, [[UnderestimatingBadassery which turns out to be completely wrong]].


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* SeriousBusiness: When Brutus meets with the conspirators for the first time, Cassius's line, "And let us swear our resolution," triggers a 30-line speech from Brutus dismissing oaths as unnecessary. It's unclear if Brutus feels that strongly on the subject, or if he's reacting because he feels that his authority is being subtly challenged by Cassius.
Mrph1 MOD

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!!As the play is OlderThanSteam and based on historical events, and as most twists in Shakespeare's plots are now [[ItWasHisSled widely known]], all spoilers on this page are [[Administrivia/SpoilersOff unmarked]].
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Names The Same is no longer a trope


* NamesTheSame: InUniverse: one of the conspirators is named Cinna. An innocent poet who happens to have the same name loses his life to an angry mob when public opinion turns against the assassination.
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** Decius Brutus rather cleverly observes that the best way to flatter Caesar is to praise him for being so immune to flattery.
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Rant Inducing Slight is now a disambig.


* RantInducingSlight: When Brutus meets with the conspirators for the first time, Cassius's line, "And let us swear our resolution," triggers a 30-line speech from Brutus dismissing oaths as unnecessary. It's unclear if Brutus feels that strongly on the subject, or if he's reacting because he feels that his authority is being subtly challenged by Cassius.
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* IdiotBall: Brutus permits Marc Antony to speak at Caesar's funeral, provided he speaks all the good he can of Caesar and not to blame the conspirators. This backfires when Antony extols Caesar's generosity and humilty while calling Brutus and the conspirators "honorable men", and once he tells the crowds of Caesar's will, they start to ransack the conspirators' houses.

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* IdiotBall: Brutus permits Marc Antony to speak at Caesar's funeral, provided he speaks all the good he can of Caesar and not to blame the conspirators. This backfires when Antony extols Caesar's generosity and humilty humility while calling Brutus and the conspirators "honorable men", and once he tells the crowds of Caesar's will, they start to ransack the conspirators' houses.
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* DrivenToSuicide: Several characters after everything gets worse following the assassination, most notably Portia, Brutus' wife.

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* DrivenToSuicide: Several characters after everything gets worse following the assassination, most notably Portia, Brutus' wife.wife, [[spoiler: and ultimately Cassius and Brutus themselves]].
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* OpenShirtTaunt: Cassius becomes so worked up during an argument with Brutus in Act IV, Scene III that he throws open his toga, presents Brutus with a dagger, and all but dares Brutus to kill him. It's not entirely clear whether this is [[StrikeMeDownWithAllOfYourHatred cynical manipulation]] or [[PleaseKillMeIfItSatisfiesYou he's sincerely aggrieved]], and the interpretation frequently varies between productions.

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* AmbitionIsEvil: Brutus kills Caesar because he fears Caesar will accept being made Emperor of Rome.
-->'''Brutus:''' As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but, as he was ambitious, I slew him.

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* AmbitionIsEvil: AmbitionIsEvil:
**
Brutus kills Caesar because he fears Caesar will accept being made Emperor of Rome.
-->'''Brutus:''' --->'''Brutus:''' As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but, as he was ambitious, I slew him.him.
** Antony builds his rebuke of the conspirators around decontructing Brutus' claim, citing with some of Caesar's deeds that would imply otherwise.
--->'''Antony''': But Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honorable man.
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* RantInducingSlight: When Brutus meets with the conspirators for the first time, Cassius's line, "And let us swear our resolution," triggers a 30-line speech from Brutus denigrating oaths as unnecessary. It's unclear if Brutus feels that strongly on the subject, or if he's reacting because he feels that his authority is being subtly challenged by Cassius.

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* RantInducingSlight: When Brutus meets with the conspirators for the first time, Cassius's line, "And let us swear our resolution," triggers a 30-line speech from Brutus denigrating dismissing oaths as unnecessary. It's unclear if Brutus feels that strongly on the subject, or if he's reacting because he feels that his authority is being subtly challenged by Cassius.
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The play was adapted to film several times. The most famous is [[Film/JuliusCaesar1953 the 1953 version]], which starred Creator/MarlonBrando as Mark Antony, Creator/JamesMason as Brutus, Creator/JohnGielgud as Cassius, Creator/GreerGarson as Calpurnia, and Creator/DeborahKerr as Portia. The [[Film/JuliusCaesar1970 1970 version]] stars Creator/CharltonHeston as Mark Antony and Gielgud again, as Caesar this time around, among others.

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The play was adapted to film several times. The most famous is [[Film/JuliusCaesar1953 the 1953 version]], which starred Creator/MarlonBrando as Mark Antony, Creator/JamesMason as Brutus, Creator/JohnGielgud as Cassius, Creator/GreerGarson as Calpurnia, and Creator/DeborahKerr as Portia. The [[Film/JuliusCaesar1970 1970 version]] stars Creator/CharltonHeston as Mark Antony ([[RoleReprise reprising the role]] from a lower budget 1950 film version), Creator/JasonRobards as Brutus and Gielgud again, as Caesar this time around, among others.
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The play was adapted to film several times. The most famous is [[Film/JuliusCaesar1953 the 1953 version]], which starred Creator/MarlonBrando as Mark Antony, Creator/JamesMason as Brutus, Creator/JohnGielgud as Cassius, Creator/GreerGarson as Calpurnia, and Creator/DeborahKerr as Portia. The 1970 version stars Creator/CharltonHeston as Mark Antony and Gielgud again, as Caesar this time around.

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The play was adapted to film several times. The most famous is [[Film/JuliusCaesar1953 the 1953 version]], which starred Creator/MarlonBrando as Mark Antony, Creator/JamesMason as Brutus, Creator/JohnGielgud as Cassius, Creator/GreerGarson as Calpurnia, and Creator/DeborahKerr as Portia. The [[Film/JuliusCaesar1970 1970 version version]] stars Creator/CharltonHeston as Mark Antony and Gielgud again, as Caesar this time around.
around, among others.



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The play was adapted to film several times. The most famous is [[Film/JuliusCaesar1953 the 1953 version]], which starred Creator/MarlonBrando as Mark Antony, Creator/JamesMason as Brutus, Creator/JohnGielgud as Cassius, Creator/GreerGarson as Calpurnia, and Creator/DeborahKerr as Portia.

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The play was adapted to film several times. The most famous is [[Film/JuliusCaesar1953 the 1953 version]], which starred Creator/MarlonBrando as Mark Antony, Creator/JamesMason as Brutus, Creator/JohnGielgud as Cassius, Creator/GreerGarson as Calpurnia, and Creator/DeborahKerr as Portia.
Portia. The 1970 version stars Creator/CharltonHeston as Mark Antony and Gielgud again, as Caesar this time around.
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* AnachronismStew: The 1953 film make reference to "the Empire of the Romans" in screen of text. What is now called the Roman Empire did not begin until seventeen years after Caesar's assassination.

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* AnachronismStew: TheDyingWalk: The 1953 film make reference stage directions do not specify it, but most productions and adaptations will have a dying Caesar stagger up to "the Empire of Brutus for the Romans" "Et tu, Brute" line, or stagger over to Pompey's statue to die as happened in screen of text. What is now called the Roman Empire did not begin until seventeen years after Caesar's assassination.RealLife, or both.

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* OfferedTheCrown: Antony tries to put one on Caesar's head.

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* OfferedTheCrown: Antony tries to put one on Caesar's head.head three times; Caesar refuses it three times. Antony later brings this up in his eulogy for Caesar.
-->You all did see that on the Lupercal\\
I thrice presented him a kingly crown,\\
Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition?

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* NoCelebritiesWereHarmed: It's not uncommon for productions to frame the various characters as stand-ins for contemporary politicians. Notably, the 2018 National Theater production had ''all'' the characters played this way -- most obviously, Caesar is UsefulNotes/DonaldTrump, Calpurnia is Melania Trump, a {{Gender Flip}}ped Cassius is UsefulNotes/HillaryRodhamClinton, Casca is Maxine Waters, and Decius is Kellyanne Conway. Back in the 1930s Creator/OrsonWelles staged a production that was a thinly veiled commentary on Benito Mussolini and UsefulNotes/FascistItaly.

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* NoCelebritiesWereHarmed: NoCelebritiesWereHarmed:
**
It's not uncommon for productions to frame the various characters as stand-ins for contemporary politicians. Notably, the 2018 National Theater production had ''all'' the characters played this way -- most obviously, Caesar is UsefulNotes/DonaldTrump, Calpurnia is Melania Trump, a {{Gender Flip}}ped Cassius is UsefulNotes/HillaryRodhamClinton, Casca is Maxine Waters, and Decius is Kellyanne Conway. Conway.
**
Back in the 1930s Creator/OrsonWelles staged a production that was a thinly veiled commentary on Benito Mussolini and UsefulNotes/FascistItaly.UsefulNotes/FascistItaly.
** During [[UsefulNotes/BarackObama Obama's]] Presidency, The Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis had a rather obvious Obama stand-in as Caesar, with an older and white Antony, vaguely resembling Obama's older and white vice-president, UsefulNotes/JoeBiden.
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Famous Last Words was moved to JustForFun.Famous Last Words; main trope is being dewicked and redirected to Last Words


* FamousLastWords:
** "Et tu, Brute? Then fall, Caesar." - Julius Caesar
** "Caesar, thou art revenged, even with the sword that killed thee."- Cassius
** "Farewell, good Strato. Caesar, now be still. I killed not thee with half so good a will."- Brutus
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* AnachronismStew: The characters refer to many things that didn't exist in Ancient Rome, but did exist in Elizabethan England.

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* AnachronismStew: The characters refer to many things that didn't exist in Ancient Rome, but did exist in Elizabethan England. Most egregiously, at one point, a clock tolls the hour.

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