History Film / Midway

* ''Film/{{Midway|1976}}'', the 1976 war movie directed by Jack Smight.
* ''Film/{{Midway|2019}}'', the 2019 remake directed by Roland Emmerich.

[[quoteright:300:https://static.tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pub/images/midway_9145.jpg]]

->'''''If you're looking for the defunct video game developer, see Creator/MidwayGames.'''''

A war film from 1976 about the UsefulNotes/WorldWarII Battle of Midway. It was a grand production with such stars as Creator/CharltonHeston and Creator/HenryFonda. It had two intertwining threads, one following the Battle itself and the other following the fictional American officer Captain Matt Garth whose son is a fighter pilot who is at this inconvenient time engaged with Haruko Sakura, a Nisei ("second generation," an American child of Japanese immigrants) girl.

The campaign is shown from both sides' perspective and shows the Japanese as honorable and brave enemies. History is mostly followed though there are some inaccuracies notably Kamikaze's being used at Midway; while it was not unknown throughout the war for already-downed planes of both sides to attempt crash into an enemy ship in a TakingYouWithMe gesture, Kamikazes were never official policy even in Japan until toward the end, and they would have been fairly rare. It may be a case of being betrayed by the StockFootage, as most of the color footage filmed in World War II was late in the War, and scenes from Leyte Gulf and the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa (when Kamikazes were in use) are used for this battle. This has something to do with the fact that there is zero special effects budget for this movie.

The AllStarCast includes Creator/HenryFonda as Nimitz, Creator/GlennFord as Spruance, Creator/ToshiroMifune as Adm. Yamamoto, Creator/HalHolbrook as Rochefort, and Creator/RobertMitchum as Halsey. A pre-stardom Creator/TomSelleck has a bit part...as does Hall of Fame NFL fullback Larry Csonka.

For the 2019 film, see [[Film/Midway2019 here]].
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!!''Midway'' provides examples of:

* AcePilot: Genda for Japan, several for America.
* ActorAllusion: When Henry Fonda, as Nimitz, is speaking to Robert Mitchum, as Halsey, Halsey mentions that Nimitz once told him, "When you're in command, command." This is very similar to a line Fonda spoke to Creator/JohnWayne near the end of ''Film/FortApache''. According to IMDB, Wayne turned down the role of Halsey, which would make the allusion more obvious.
* AirstrikeImpossible: Infamously, Torpedo 8's attack on the Japanese fleet, with no escort or dive bomber support.[[note]]In theory, an attack on an enemy fleet would be carried out by torpedo bombers at low altitude, dive bombers from above, and escorting fighters dealing with the enemy air support, in order to divide the defenders' attention, but the American planes ended up separated that day[[/note]] During the battle, Torpedo 8 was effectively wiped out, with all 15 planes destroyed and only one man out of 30 surviving, ENS George Gay USN. Two other torpedo squadrons fared little better that day, even with fighter support. Torpedoes of the day required the bomber to fly slowly at low altitude in order to properly release the torpedo, all while enemy AntiAir gunners and fighter escorts did everything they could to blast them out of the air.
* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Lots of the operating details as shown don't stand up (the Japanese planes were below decks, though fully fueled and the torpedo planes armed, when the Dive bombers caught them. Tone number 4 was late launching, but that was why it found the Yorktown (it was off its planned course, another float plane had flown by and missed the American ships completely). The Akagi attack was very nearly bungled (a grand total of 3 planes attacked Akagi, 1 hit and 2 damaging near misses, one close enough to jam the rudder). The Japanese were about half an hour from launching a strike, not 5 minutes, when they were hit. And let's just say Fuchida has been found to have been ''economical'' with the truth.
* BatmanGambit: It is suspected that the code word AF means "Midway". Therefore Midway is instructed to radio in the clear that it is short of fresh water in the hope that the Japanese intercept it and radio it back. The Japanese fall for it and the US Navy had the confirmation they needed to doom its enemy. Which is TruthInTelevision. To avoid risking the Japanese picking up on this, the orders were sent to Midway via an underwater telegraph line (the island was settled in 1903 to install part of the original trans-Pacific telegraph cable, in fact).
* BattleEpic
* TheBigBoard: The commanders on both sides use these as they plan their moves and counter moves.
* BittersweetEnding: Matt dies trying to land his plane after the final run against the last Japanese carrier. On the bright side, his son survived and it's implied he and his Japanese-American girlfriend will remain together. As for the battle itself, America crushes the Japanese fleet essentially dooming their empire as they cannot replace their ships and crews as well as the Americans can.
* BunnyEarsLawyer:
** Rochefort head of US codebreakers
** He has a whole entourage of fellow BunnyEarsLawyer s around him. ...which really isn't how either Rochefort or the rest of his Codebreakers were in Real Life. While Rochefort was known for wearing a smoking jacket and slippers around the codebreaking office, he was neither insomniac nor unhygienic.
* TheChainsOfCommanding: Shown very well
** Admiral Nagumo feels the weight most and is nervous and indecisive
** As Yamamoto says, "I am the only one who must apologize to His Majesty."
* CoolPlane: All of them!
* CoolShip: See above.
* CompositeCharacter: Creator/CharltonHeston's character of Captain Matthew Garth is a composite of three different people. His role pre-battle as an intelligence officer and a colleague to Rochefort is that of Lt. [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_T._Layton Edwin Layton]], his presence on-board the ''Yorktown'' before and during the battle was that of an unnamed intelligence officer, and his final dive bomb attack was actually carried out by [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._Wade_McClusky C. Wade McClusky]] (played in the film by Christopher George). Vinton Maddox (Creator/JamesCoburn) and Ernest L. Blake (Robert Wagner) are likewise a composites of several different U.S. Naval officers.
* ConflictingLoyalty: Haruko's family is falsely accused of this by TheGovernment. To be fair to them there is some evidence in the father's background; namely he has an honor-debt to an old friend who is a Japanese Nationalist and has back issues of Japanese patriotic periodicals (possibly no more then "ethnic heritage" magazines of the type that can be found in large bookstores today but never explained). At the time TheGovernment would unfortunately think the whole thing looked suspiciously like a HoneyTrap.
* DeathFromAbove: [[ExactlyWhatItSaysOnTheTin Dive Bombers]] were used by both sides, most famously the American SBD Dauntless dive bombers which devastated the Japanese carrier force due to showing up at exactly the worst time for the Japanese defenders.
* DecisiveBattle: What the Japanese want it to be: a massive gambit to draw out the U.S. Pacific fleet and demolish it once and for all. [[BeCarefulWhatYouWishFor Unfortunately for them]], it does become the decisive battle when the U.S. fleet demolishes theirs.
* {{Determinator}}: Matt Garth's son flies a crippled fighter back to his carrier after being half burned alive.
* AFatherToHisMen: Admirals Nimitz, Nagumo and Yamamoto
* TheHeroDies: Matt Garth at the end, when his plane crashes.
* HeroicSacrifice: On both sides. It evens includes a ''ship'': the ''Yorktown'' takes a beating from Japanese dive-bombers, but stays afloat despite suffering three direct hits. Later the same day, a second wave of Japanese torpedo planes mistake it for an undamaged carrier and attack it, sparing the ''Enterprise'' and ''Hornet'' from serious damage.
* HopelessWar: Adm. Yamaguchi: "Once, we filled the sky with our aircraft. Now we win or lose with six fighters and ten torpedo planes."
* MagicalNativeAmerican: Lampshaded. An American pilot in VT-8 says that their commander, Lt. Cdr. John Waldron, has a better chance of finding enemy ships by virtue of having Sioux ancestors. Waldron really did bring this up frequently. There may have been some truth to this, as he really was half-Sioux (Gordon Prange, in his book "Miracle at Midway", says Waldron claimed to be one-eighth Sioux; and Walter Lord, in his book “Incredible Victory”, refers to a ‘streak’ of Sioux heritage to which Waldron liked to attribute his battle intuition), and he broke formation and led his men straight to the Japanese Fleet (Torpedo 8 was the only Hornet squadron to find the enemy that morning). He and 28 of his men died in their attack.
* MoodWhiplash: The Japanese go from being masters of the Pacific Ocean to having 3/4ths of its fleet sinking within half an hour.
* MyGirlBackHome: When the fleet returns to Pearl Harbor civilians including Haruko are shown watching while casualties are wheeled in.
* OldSchoolDogfight
* RadioSilence: This is often a two-edged sword and it hurts Japan badly.
* RadioVoice: Chatter from the pilots is heard over the radio on ships hundreds of miles away.
* ScottyTime: For the trap to work, the Americans need the ''Yorktown'' in working condition after Coral Sea. Problem: the ship is so damaged the engineers say it would take months to repair. Incredibly, they still get it in working condition within ''three days'' just in time for the battle, and its involvement proved critical. This is exactly what happened in RealLife.
* ShotForShotRemake: Much of the scenes involving Yamamoto are reshoots of scenes from two earlier war films, ''Admiral Yamamoto'' and ''A Turning Point In Showa History: The Militarists'' in English language with some actor changes.
* SpiritualSuccessor: To ''Film/ToraToraTora'', about the attack on Pearl Harbor, which employed a similar bifurcated Japanese/American style and similarly strove for realism.
** However the filmmakers learned some lessons from Tora Tora Tora which was a box office bomb by using (a lot) more star power, artistic license with history, and adding in a fictional lead character for dramatic effect. Tora Tora Tora was almost a documentary.
* StagingTheEavesdrop: American Navy Intelligence deduce that the Japanese are planning on targeting two sites, coded A-F and A-O. The air base on Midway Island is instructed to radio in the clear that its fresh water condenser is broken in the hope that the Japanese intercept it and radio this update to Fleet Command. The Japanese fall for it and the US Navy had the confirmation they needed: A-F is Midway Island.
* StarCrossedLovers: Garth's son Tom and Haruko.
* StockFootage: Most of the combat footage you see is real, taken by Navy cameramen, but is actually footage from battles later in the Pacific War. Very little if any is actually from the Battle of Midway itself which took place in 1942. Most scenes depicting attacks on ships (both American and Japanese) are taken from 1944-45 Kamikaze attacks. One plane returning to the ''Yorktown'' that crash lands and falls apart is a famous 1944 carrier landing on the ''Essex''. They also reused a lot of footage from ''Film/ToraToraTora'' (which miffed the that film's director), as well as combat footage from war films by Creator/EijiTsuburaya such as ''Storm over the Pacific'' and ''Attack Squadron''.
** There's no known footage extant from the carriers of either side (though famously there is from Midway Island itself)[[note]]Filmed by Creator/JohnFord and his unit, that's right, John Ford was within 200 miles of the battle, but only got land footage (which still won an Oscar). WhatCouldHaveBeen[[/note]]. The Japanese carrier Akagi had a newsreel cameraman named Teiuchi Makishima onboard, but his footage of the attacks on the carrier Kaga and the vessel he was on were lost when he abandoned ship. There's perishingly few photographs of the Japanese ships from the battle at all, taken almost entirely from B-17s. Frustratingly, pictures were taken from an Enterprise dive-bomber during the actual attack, but short on fuel, the plane landed on the first carrier it could find... which wound up being the Yorktown. Shortly thereafter, the Yorktown was sunk and the pictures lost.
* StuffBlowingUp: Whole aircraft carriers blowing up.
* TranslationConvention:
** Except for Toshiro Mifune, most of the actors playing the Japanese are Japanese-American actors like Pat Morita and their dialogue is all in English.
** All of the Japanese plotting table markers include English translations for the audience's benefit.
* WarIsHell
* WorthyOpponent: The Japanese are pictured as this
** Invoked at the Japanese briefing as a photo of Halsey is passed around and Halsey's dangerous warlike virtues are described.
** "They [[HeroicSacrifice sacrifice themselves]] [[NotSoDifferent like samurai]], [[WorthyOpponent these Americans]]." According to eyewitnesses, [[TruthInTelevision Nagumo said those exact words about the men of Torpedo 8]], though unlike the movie, the real Admiral is said to have been [[ManlyTears moved to tears]] as he said them.
* YouAreInCommandNow: Halsey is ill and recommends Spruance for command of his part of the fleet. [[TruthInTelevision This really happened]].

!!Tropes:

The campaign is shown from both sides perspective and shows the Japanese as honorable and brave enemies. History is mostly followed though there are some inaccuracies notably Kamikaze's being used at Midway; while it was not unknown throughout the war for already-downed planes of both sides to attempt crash into an enemy ship in a TakingYouWithMe gesture, Kamikazes were never official policy even in Japan until toward the end, and they would have been fairly rare. It may be a case of being betrayed by the StockFootage, as most of the color footage filmed in World War II was late in the War, and scenes from Leyte Gulf and the battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa (when Kamikazes were in use) are used for this battle. This has something to do with the fact that there is zero special effects budget for this movie.

The AllStarCast included Creator/GlennFord as Spruance, Creator/ToshiroMifune as Adm. Yamamoto, and Creator/RobertMitchum as Halsey. A pre-stardom Creator/TomSelleck has a bit part...as does Hall of Fame NFL fullback Larry Csonka.

* SameLanguageDub: Creator/PaulFrees dubbed over Toshiro Mifune for this film.

* TranslationConvention: Except for Toshiro Mifune, most of the actors playing the Japanese are Japanese-American actors like Pat Morita and their dialogue is all in English.
** All of the Japanese plotting table markers include English translations for the audience's benefit.