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The movie presents a fictionalized version of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials the "Judges' Trial" from the Anglo-American-Franco-Soviet International Military Tribunal (IMT) trials]] that took place at the German city of Nürnberg/Nuremberg in 1947. In this trial the IMT tried the fourteen defendants on charges of:
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The movie presents a fictionalized version of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials the "Judges' Trial" from the Anglo-American-Franco-Soviet International Military Tribunal (IMT) trials]] that took place at the German city of Nürnberg/Nuremberg in 1947. In this trial trial, the IMT tried the fourteen defendants on charges of:
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In the fictional version presented in the film a panel of three U.S. judges, led by Chief Judge Dan Haywood (Tracy), must decide the fate of three German judges - among them Ernst Janning (Lancaster) - who are merely accused of "collaborating with the Nazis". Robert G. Moeller has recently (2013) argued that the characters and story were crafted to draw the greatest possible attention to the racially-divided, oppressive 'Jim Crow' policies of the USA itself at the time of its release (1961) by comparing and contrasting Nazi-German and American policies and values. The message is of course that the USA's value-differences are being betrayed by similar policies.
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In the fictional version presented in the film film, a panel of three U.S. judges, led by Chief Judge Dan Haywood (Tracy), must decide the fate of three German judges - — among them Ernst Janning (Lancaster) - — who are merely accused of "collaborating with the Nazis". Robert G. Moeller Moeller has recently (2013) argued that the characters and story were crafted to draw the greatest possible attention to the racially-divided, oppressive 'Jim Crow' policies of the USA itself at the time of its release (1961) by comparing and contrasting Nazi-German and American policies and values. The message is of course that the USA's value-differences are being betrayed by similar policies.
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* AllGermansAreNazis: Aside from the Jews, naturally, the film implies that (if not outright Nazis themselves) most German people at least went along with them. The defendants and others unconvincingly try to claim differently, though a couple notable exceptions are presented in Rudolph Peterson (a man from a Communist family who's likely mentally disabled who was forcibly sterilized-he says for their political beliefs) and Irene Hoffmann-Wallner (whose Jewish friend was accused of "racial defilement" as a result of supposedly having sex with her-she'd then been sent to prison for perjury over testifying that he did no such thing) as victims of defendants.
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* AllGermansAreNazis: Aside from the Jews, naturally, the film implies that (if not outright Nazis themselves) most German people at least went along with them. The defendants and others unconvincingly try to claim differently, though a couple notable exceptions are presented in Rudolph Peterson (a man from a Communist family who's likely mentally disabled who was forcibly sterilized-he sterilized — he says for their political beliefs) and Irene Hoffmann-Wallner (whose Jewish friend was accused of "racial defilement" as a result of supposedly having sex with her-she'd her — she'd then been sent to prison for perjury over testifying that he did no such thing) as victims of defendants.
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--> '''Janning''': Those people, those millions of people. I never knew it would come to that. You ''must'' believe it.\\
'''Haywood''': (''with sorrow'') Herr Janning... it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death you knew to be innocent.
'''Haywood''': (''with sorrow'') Herr Janning... it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death you knew to be innocent.
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--> '''Janning''': '''Janning:''' Those people, those millions of people. I never knew it would come to that. You ''must'' believe it.\\
'''Haywood''': '''Haywood:''' (''with sorrow'') Herr Janning... it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death you knew to be innocent.
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** After the prosecution shows the extent of the Nazi regime's atrocities in court, the most bigoted and remorseless of the four defendants said "How dare they. We are judges not executioners." ignoring the fact that executioners execute people that judges like him have sentenced to death.
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** After the prosecution shows the extent of the Nazi regime's atrocities in court, the most bigoted and remorseless of the four defendants said "How dare they. We are judges judges, not executioners." ", ignoring the fact that executioners execute people that judges like him have sentenced to death.
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* HangingJudge: Janning plays with this. Initially he was regarded as fair-minded, thus a Jewish defendant in a trial he presided felt hope at him being the judge. Janning convicted and sentenced the defendant to death though-he was executed. Later he admits he'd become this by then, and would have convicted the Jewish man no matter what evidence there was.
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* HangingJudge: Janning plays with this. Initially Initially, he was regarded as fair-minded, thus a Jewish defendant in a trial he presided felt hope at him being the judge. However, Janning convicted and sentenced the defendant to death though-he — he was executed. Later Later, he admits that he'd become this by then, and would have convicted the Jewish man no matter what evidence there was.
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* {{Hypocrite}}: The defendants' lawyer Rolfe repeatedly accuses the American authorities of this, explicitly and otherwise. In the case of a man supposedly sterilized for being a Communist, Rolfe shows that he probably is mentally disabled (the Nazis passed a law to sterilize them), although political retaliation likely played a role too. He had earlier noted their sterilization law was based on the American one, subtly asking "How do you condemn something which your country does too?" These laws were still on the books in the US too, when the film was released. After the film on the Holocaust, he also claims it's hypocritical that Americans condemned this when talking with Janning in relation to the atomic bombings of Japan.
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* {{Hypocrite}}: The defendants' lawyer Rolfe repeatedly accuses the American authorities of this, explicitly and otherwise. In the case of a man supposedly sterilized for being a Communist, Rolfe shows that he probably is mentally disabled (the Nazis passed a law to sterilize them), although political retaliation likely played a role too. He had earlier noted their sterilization law was based on the American one, subtly asking "How do you condemn something which your country does too?" These laws were still on the books in the US US, too, when the film was released. After the film on the Holocaust, he also claims it's hypocritical that Americans condemned this when talking with Janning in relation to the atomic bombings of Japan.
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** Janning is the only defendant who voices remorse, or admits his guilt. Only his final conversation with Judge Heywood seemed to really make this sink in. Even then Janning maintains he didn't know it would come to that, before Heywood says they had the moment he sentenced to death a man who he'd known really was innocent.
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** Janning is the only defendant who voices remorse, or admits his guilt. Only his final conversation with Judge Heywood seemed to really make this sink in. Even then then, Janning maintains he didn't know it would come to that, before Heywood says they had the moment he sentenced to death a man who he'd known was really was innocent.
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** When Lawson testifies about hangings of children in concentration camps, the camera cuts to a close up of a stone faced African-American MP, drawing an implicit parallel with lynchings.
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** When Lawson testifies about hangings of children in concentration camps, the camera cuts to a close up of a stone faced stone-faced African-American MP, drawing an implicit parallel with lynchings.
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* PunchClockVillain: Rolfe tries to argue the German judges, especially Janning, were this. Naturally, Lawson doesn't agree.
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* PunchClockVillain: Rolfe tries to argue that the German judges, especially Janning, were this. Naturally, Lawson doesn't agree.
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* SlowlySlippingIntoEvil: Janning describes himself and other Germans who had gone along with the Nazis as essentially this, doing increasing worse things in the name of patriotism until they had unleashed the Holocaust. It's mentioned he helped found the Weimar Republic, eventually ending up helping the Nazis, whose regime destroyed not only the Republic but everything it stood for.
* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in the Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point-Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing atrocities.
* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in the Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point-Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing atrocities.
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* SlowlySlippingIntoEvil: Janning describes himself and other Germans who had gone along with the Nazis as essentially this, doing increasing increasingly worse things in the name of patriotism until they had unleashed the Holocaust. It's mentioned that he helped found the Weimar Republic, but eventually ending ended up helping the Nazis, whose regime destroyed not only the Republic Republic, but everything it stood for.
* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in the Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to apoint-Janning point — Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing atrocities.
* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in the Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a
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* VeryLooselyBasedOnATrueStory: Well, there ''was'' a judges' trial, but every character and every detail of the trial process is fictional. Ernst Janning is a [[CompositeCharacter composite]] of three different judges who were tried. Also, the real Judges' Trial took place in 1947, but the film moves it to 1948 so that it can happen against the backdrop of the communist coup in Czechoslovakia and the Berlin Blockade, to explain why US authorities will go easy on the defendants-support from the Germans is needed.
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* VeryLooselyBasedOnATrueStory: Well, there ''was'' a judges' trial, but every character and every detail of the trial process is fictional. Ernst Janning is a [[CompositeCharacter composite]] of three different judges who were tried. Also, the real Judges' Trial took place in 1947, but the film moves it to 1948 so that it can happen against the backdrop of the communist coup in Czechoslovakia and the Berlin Blockade, to explain why US authorities will go easy on the defendants-support defendants — support from the Germans is needed.
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* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Mrs. Bertholt's husband is said to have been executed as part of the Malmedy trial. All the accused in that trial received clemency, and were released inside of a decade (many weren't even sentenced to death at all).
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* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Mrs. Bertholt's husband is said to have been executed as part of the Malmedy trial. All the accused in that trial received clemency, and were released inside of a decade (many weren't even sentenced to death at all). They were also all SS men on trial, while her husband is said to have been regular army.
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* {{Hypocrite}}: The defendants' lawyer Rolfe repeatedly accuses the American authorities of this, explicitly and otherwise. In the case of a man supposedly sterilized for being a Communist, Rolfe shows that he probably is mentally disabled (the Nazis passed a law to sterilize them), although political retaliation likely played a role too. He had earlier noted their sterilization law was based on the American one, subtly asking "How do you condemn something which your country does too?" These laws were still on the books in the US too, when the film was released. After the film on the Holocaust, he also claims it's hypocritical that Americans condemned this when talking with Janning in relation to the atomic bombings of Japan.
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* MyGodWhatHaveIDone: Janning is the only defendant who voices remorse, or admits his guilt. Only in his final conversation with Judge Heywood really seems to make this sink in. Even then Janning maintains he didn't know it would come to that, before Heywood says it did the moment he sentenced to death a man he'd known was innocent.
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* MyGodWhatHaveIDone: MyGodWhatHaveIDone:
** Janning is the only defendant who voices remorse, or admits his guilt. Onlyin his final conversation with Judge Heywood seemed to really seems to make this sink in. Even then Janning maintains he didn't know it would come to that, before Heywood says it did they had the moment he sentenced to death a man who he'd known really was innocent.innocent.
** Lampe also seems to regret his acts, but doesn't say anything.
** Janning is the only defendant who voices remorse, or admits his guilt. Only
** Lampe also seems to regret his acts, but doesn't say anything.
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* SlowlySlippingIntoEvil: Janning describes himself and other Germans who had gone along with the Nazis as essentially this, doing increasing worse things in the name of patriotism until they had unleashed the Holocaust.
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* SlowlySlippingIntoEvil: Janning describes himself and other Germans who had gone along with the Nazis as essentially this, doing increasing worse things in the name of patriotism until they had unleashed the Holocaust. It's mentioned he helped found the Weimar Republic, eventually ending up helping the Nazis, whose regime destroyed not only the Republic but everything it stood for.
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* AllGermansAreNazis: Aside from the Jews, naturally, the film implies that (if not outright Nazis themselves) most German people at least went along with them. The defendants and others unconvincingly try to claim differently, though a couple notable exceptions are presented in Rudolf Peterson (a man from a Communist family (who's likely mentally disabled who was forcibly sterilized-he says for their political beliefs) and Irene Hoffmann-Wallner (whose Jewish friend was accused of "racial defilement" as a result of supposedly having sex with her-she'd then been sent to prison for perjury over testifying that he did no such thing) as victims in the trial.
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* AllGermansAreNazis: Aside from the Jews, naturally, the film implies that (if not outright Nazis themselves) most German people at least went along with them. The defendants and others unconvincingly try to claim differently, though a couple notable exceptions are presented in Rudolf Rudolph Peterson (a man from a Communist family (who's who's likely mentally disabled who was forcibly sterilized-he says for their political beliefs) and Irene Hoffmann-Wallner (whose Jewish friend was accused of "racial defilement" as a result of supposedly having sex with her-she'd then been sent to prison for perjury over testifying that he did no such thing) as victims in the trial.of defendants.
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* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Mrs. Bertholt's husband is said to have been executed as part of the Malmedy trial. All the accused in that trial received clemency, and released inside of a decade.
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* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Mrs. Bertholt's husband is said to have been executed as part of the Malmedy trial. All the accused in that trial received clemency, and were released inside of a decade.decade (many weren't even sentenced to death at all).
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* HangingJudge: Janning plays with this. Initially he was regarded as fair-minded, thus a Jewish defendant in a trial he presided felt hope at him being the judge. Janning sentenced the defendant to death though, and he was executed. Later he admits he'd become this by then, and would have convinced the Jewish man no matter what.
to:
* HangingJudge: Janning plays with this. Initially he was regarded as fair-minded, thus a Jewish defendant in a trial he presided felt hope at him being the judge. Janning convicted and sentenced the defendant to death though, and he though-he was executed. Later he admits he'd become this by then, and would have convinced convicted the Jewish man no matter what.what evidence there was.
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* MyGodWhatHaveIDone: Janning is the only defendant who shows remorse, or admits his guilt. Only in his final conversation with Judge Heywood really seems to make this sink in. Even then Janning maintains he didn't know it would come to that, before Heywood says it did the moment he sentenced to death a man he'd known was innocent.
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* MyGodWhatHaveIDone: Janning is the only defendant who shows voices remorse, or admits his guilt. Only in his final conversation with Judge Heywood really seems to make this sink in. Even then Janning maintains he didn't know it would come to that, before Heywood says it did the moment he sentenced to death a man he'd known was innocent.
** When speaking with Janning, Rolfe brings up the atomic bombings of Japan after Lawson played a film on the Holocaust.
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* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in The Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point-Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing atrocities.
to:
* SlowlySlippingIntoEvil: Janning describes himself and other Germans who had gone along with the Nazis as essentially this, doing increasing worse things in the name of patriotism until they had unleashed the Holocaust.
* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit inThe the Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point-Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing atrocities.
* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in
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* AllGermansAreNazis: Aside from the Jews, naturally, the film implies that (if not outright Nazis themselves) most German people at least went along with them. The defendants and others unconvincingly try to claim differently.
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* AllGermansAreNazis: Aside from the Jews, naturally, the film implies that (if not outright Nazis themselves) most German people at least went along with them. The defendants and others unconvincingly try to claim differently.differently, though a couple notable exceptions are presented in Rudolf Peterson (a man from a Communist family (who's likely mentally disabled who was forcibly sterilized-he says for their political beliefs) and Irene Hoffmann-Wallner (whose Jewish friend was accused of "racial defilement" as a result of supposedly having sex with her-she'd then been sent to prison for perjury over testifying that he did no such thing) as victims in the trial.
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'''Haywood''': (''with sorrow'') Herr Janning...it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death you knew to be innocent.
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'''Haywood''': (''with sorrow'') Herr Janning... it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death you knew to be innocent.
* ArtisticLicenseHistory: Mrs. Bertholt's husband is said to have been executed as part of the Malmedy trial. All the accused in that trial received clemency, and released inside of a decade.
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* HangingJudge: Janning plays with this.
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* HangingJudge: Janning plays with this. Initially he was regarded as fair-minded, thus a Jewish defendant in a trial he presided felt hope at him being the judge. Janning sentenced the defendant to death though, and he was executed. Later he admits he'd become this by then, and would have convinced the Jewish man no matter what.
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* MyGodWhatHaveIDone: Janning is the only defendant who shows remorse, or admits his guilt. Only in his final conversation with Judge Heywood really seems to make this sink in. Even then Janning maintains he didn't know it would come to that, before Heywood says it did the moment he sentenced to death a man he'd known was innocent.
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She says he wasn't a Nazi actually, and only married into the nobility.
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* NaziNobleman: Mrs. Bertholt describes her late husband as this.
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* ArmorPiercingResponse: The last line of dialogue in the movie, after Haywood visits Janning's cell, and Janning tries to justify himself and practically begs Haywood for a measure of forgiveness.
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* ArmorPiercingResponse: ArmorPiercingResponse:
** The last line of dialogue in the movie, after Haywood visits Janning's cell, and Janning tries to justify himself and practically begs Haywood for a measure of forgiveness.
** The last line of dialogue in the movie, after Haywood visits Janning's cell, and Janning tries to justify himself and practically begs Haywood for a measure of forgiveness.
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** Another example came earlier in the film when Haywood was talking to the old German couple who worked at his house. They said they didn't know what Hitler was doing to the Jewish population, then asked "Even if we did know, what could we have done?" To which Haywood responds, "You said you didn't know." The old couple realized that Haywood saw through their hollow protestations of innocence, and it was clear that they were lying to themselves about not knowing, and were fully aware of their own complicity.
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** Another example came earlier in the film when Haywood was talking to the old German couple who worked at his house. They said they didn't know what Hitler was doing to the Jewish population, then asked "Even if we did know, what could we have done?" To which Haywood responds, "You said you didn't know." The old couple realized that Haywood saw through their hollow protestations of innocence, protestations, and it was clear that they were lying to themselves about not knowing, and were fully aware of their own complicity.the atrocities.
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* DramaticallyMissingThePoint: After the prosecution shows the extent of the Nazi regime's atrocities in court, the most bigoted and remorseless of the four defendants said "How dare they. We are judges not executioners." Ignoring the fact that executioners execute people that judges sentence to death.
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* DramaticallyMissingThePoint: DramaticallyMissingThePoint:
** After the prosecution shows the extent of the Nazi regime's atrocities in court, the most bigoted and remorseless of the four defendants said "How dare they. We are judges not executioners."Ignoring ignoring the fact that executioners execute people that judges sentence like him have sentenced to death.
** After the prosecution shows the extent of the Nazi regime's atrocities in court, the most bigoted and remorseless of the four defendants said "How dare they. We are judges not executioners."
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* NotSoDifferent: A standard argument employed by German nationalists and sympathizers throughout the trials. This is part of Rolfe's argument when trying to defend his clients on the charges of their authorizing eugenic sterilization, asking one of the accused if he can identify a judicial opinion upholding a law allowing this before he reveals it was handed down by the ''US Supreme Court'' (this was TruthInTelevision, unfortunately).
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* NotSoDifferent: NotSoDifferent:
** A standard argument employed by German nationalists and sympathizers throughout the trials. This is part of Rolfe's argument when trying to defend his clients on the charges of their authorizing eugenic sterilization, asking one of the accused if he can identify a judicial opinion upholding a law allowing this before he reveals it was handed down by the ''US Supreme Court'' (this was TruthInTelevision, unfortunately).
** A standard argument employed by German nationalists and sympathizers throughout the trials. This is part of Rolfe's argument when trying to defend his clients on the charges of their authorizing eugenic sterilization, asking one of the accused if he can identify a judicial opinion upholding a law allowing this before he reveals it was handed down by the ''US Supreme Court'' (this was TruthInTelevision, unfortunately).
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** When Lawson testifies about hangings of children in concentration camps, the camera cuts to a closeup of a stone faced African-American MP, drawing an implicit parallel with lynchings.
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** When Lawson testifies about hangings of children in concentration camps, the camera cuts to a closeup close up of a stone faced African-American MP, drawing an implicit parallel with lynchings.
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Changed line(s) 44 (click to see context) from:
* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and the narrative that Nazi atrocities were the work of a small group of fanatics is being used by the German people and the Americans to absolve the silent majority of the guilty.
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* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and the narrative that Nazi atrocities were the work of a small group of fanatics is being used by the German people and the Americans to absolve the silent majority of the guilty.their guilt.
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Changed line(s) 3,4 (click to see context) from:
''Judgment at Nuremberg'' is a 1961 LawProcedural which claims to be BasedOnATrueStory, directed by Creator/StanleyKramer, and with an AllStarCast featuring Creator/SpencerTracy, Creator/BurtLancaster, Richard Widmark, Creator/MarleneDietrich, Maximilian Schell, Creator/MontgomeryClift, and Creator/JudyGarland.
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''Judgment at Nuremberg'' is a 1961 LawProcedural which claims to be BasedOnATrueStory, directed by Creator/StanleyKramer, written (originally as an episode of ''Series/Playhouse90'') by Abby Mann, and with an AllStarCast featuring Creator/SpencerTracy, Creator/BurtLancaster, Richard Widmark, Creator/MarleneDietrich, Maximilian Schell, Creator/MontgomeryClift, and Creator/JudyGarland.
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* AllGermansAreNazis: Aside from the Jews, naturally, the film implies that (if not outright Nazis themselves) most German people at least went along with them. The defendants and others unconvincingly try to claim differently.
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* EasilyForgiven: One of the main thrusts of the film is that Germany and the German people were being a little too easily forgiven, as the democratic West was forging ties with West Germany, the frontline in the Cold War.
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* EasilyForgiven: One of the main thrusts of the film is that Germany and the German people were being a little too easily forgiven, as the democratic West was forging ties with West Germany, then the frontline front line in the Cold War.War.
* GroinAttack: A man testifies how he was forcibly sterilized on the grounds of alleged mental disability under the Nazi eugenics laws (partly in retaliation for him and his relatives fighting the Nazis, as they were Communists). Then it's uncomfortably noted how such laws were based on ''American'' laws of the time, ones upheld by the US Supreme Court.
* GroinAttack: A man testifies how he was forcibly sterilized on the grounds of alleged mental disability under the Nazi eugenics laws (partly in retaliation for him and his relatives fighting the Nazis, as they were Communists). Then it's uncomfortably noted how such laws were based on ''American'' laws of the time, ones upheld by the US Supreme Court.
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* MalignedMixedMarriage: Brought up in the film is the (genuine) fact that relations between Germans and Africans, and Germans and Jews, were criminalized as the act of "Miscegenation" in the 1935 ''Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor'' (Nuremberg Laws). The term, and laws, were derived from contemporary US State Laws which were still in effect when the film was released.
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* MalignedMixedMarriage: Brought up in the film is the (genuine) fact that relations between Germans and Africans, and Germans and Jews, were criminalized as the act of "Miscegenation" in the 1935 ''Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor'' (Nuremberg Laws). The term, and laws, were derived from contemporary US State Laws state laws which were still in effect when the film was released.released. Janning sentenced a Jew to death under this law for alleged sex with an "Aryan" German woman.
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** When Lawson testifies about hangings of children in concentration camps, the camera cuts to a closeup of a stone faced African-American MP, drawing an implicit paralell with lynchings.
to:
** When Lawson testifies about hangings of children in concentration camps, the camera cuts to a closeup of a stone faced African-American MP, drawing an implicit paralell parallel with lynchings.
Changed line(s) 42 (click to see context) from:
* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and the narrative that Nazi atrocities were the work of a small group of fanatics is being used by the German people and the Americans to absolve the silent majority of collective guilt.
to:
* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and the narrative that Nazi atrocities were the work of a small group of fanatics is being used by the German people and the Americans to absolve the silent majority of collective guilt.the guilty.
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None
Changed line(s) 42 (click to see context) from:
* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and how the silent majority that allowed the Nazi atrocities to happen are refusing to accept their collective guilt.
to:
* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and how the narrative that Nazi atrocities were the work of a small group of fanatics is being used by the German people and the Americans to absolve the silent majority that allowed the Nazi atrocities to happen are refusing to accept their of collective guilt.
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Changed line(s) 46 (click to see context) from:
* ShellShockedVeteran: Colonel Lawson was clearly effected by his experiences liberating concentration camps, and his zealousness prosecuting Nazis is likely inspired by the horros he witnessed.
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* ShellShockedVeteran: Colonel Lawson was clearly effected affected by his experiences liberating concentration camps, and his zealousness prosecuting Nazis is likely inspired by the horros horrors he witnessed.
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* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and how the silent majority that allowed the Nazi atrocities to happen are being absolved of their collective guilt.
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* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and how the silent majority that allowed the Nazi atrocities to happen are being absolved of refusing to accept their collective guilt.
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None
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* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and how everyone is ignoring the fact that the Nazi atrocities happened with the tacit consent of the majority.
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* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and how everyone is ignoring the fact silent majority that allowed the Nazi atrocities happened with the tacit consent to happen are being absolved of the majority.their collective guilt.
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** The judge then turns to another prisoner, one of Eichmann's deputies, and asks how such things could be possible. The prisoner delivers a totally emotionless and detached lecture on the technical and logistical requirements for mass killings.
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** When Lawson testifies about hangings of children in concentration camps, the camera cuts to a closeup of a stone faced African-American MP, drawing an implicit paralell with lynchings.
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* ShellShockedVeteran: Colonel Lawson was clearly effected by his experiences liberating concentration camps, and his zealousness prosecuting Nazis is likely inspired by the horros he witnessed.
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None
Added DiffLines:
* PoliticallyCorrectHistory: InUniverse, you can see the beginnings of the [[https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clean_Wehrmacht Clean Wehrmacht]] myth taking shape, and how everyone is ignoring the fact that the Nazi atrocities happened with the tacit consent of the majority.
-->'''Col. Lawson:''' There are no Nazis in Germany, didn't you know that Judge? The Eskimos invaded Germany and took over, that's how all those terrible things happened. It wasn't the fault of the Germans, it was the fault of those damn Eskimos.
-->'''Col. Lawson:''' There are no Nazis in Germany, didn't you know that Judge? The Eskimos invaded Germany and took over, that's how all those terrible things happened. It wasn't the fault of the Germans, it was the fault of those damn Eskimos.
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** Another example came earlier in the film when Haywood was talking to the old German couple who worked at his house. They said they didn't know what Hitler was doing to the Jewish population, then asked "Even if we did know, what could we have done?" To which Haywood responds, "You said you didn't know." The old couple realized that Haywood saw through their hollow protestations of innocence, and it was clear that they were lying to themselves about not knowing, and were fully aware of their own complicity.
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* DramaticallyMissingThePoint: After the prosecution shows the extent of the Nazi regime's atrocities in court, the most bigoted and remorseless of the four defendants said "How dare they. We are judges not executioners." Ignoring the fact that executioners execute people that judges sentence to death.
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Janning didn't commit mass murder.
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* AmoralAttorney: Rolfe
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* AmoralAttorney: RolfeRolfe.
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** There is a point about the "My country, right or wrong" doctrine which is proclaimed by nationalists, German and American.
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** There is a point about the "My country, right or wrong" doctrine which is proclaimed by nationalists, both German and American.
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* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in The Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point-Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing mass murder.
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* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in The Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point-Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing mass murder.atrocities.
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All were acquitted or released from prison by 1956, and after 1958 they and their colleagues tried themselves for various petty crimes (lying, theft) committed under the Nazi regime. They acquitted themselves on all counts.
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''Judgment at Nuremberg'' is a 1961 LawProcedural which claims to be BasedOnATrueStory, directed by Creator/StanleyKramer, and with an AllStarCast featuring Creator/SpencerTracy, Creator/BurtLancaster, Richard Widmark, Creator/MarleneDietrich, Maximilian Schell, Montgomery Clift, and Creator/JudyGarland.
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''Judgment at Nuremberg'' is a 1961 LawProcedural which claims to be BasedOnATrueStory, directed by Creator/StanleyKramer, and with an AllStarCast featuring Creator/SpencerTracy, Creator/BurtLancaster, Richard Widmark, Creator/MarleneDietrich, Maximilian Schell, Montgomery Clift, Creator/MontgomeryClift, and Creator/JudyGarland.
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* VeryLooselyBasedOnATrueStory: Well, there ''was'' a judges' trial, but every character and every detail of the trial process is fictional. Ernst Janning is a composite of three different judges who were tried. Also, the real Judges' Trial took place in 1947, but the film moves it to 1948 so that it can happen against the backdrop of the communist coup in Czechoslovakia and the Berlin Blockade, to explain why US authorities will go easy on the defendants-support from the Germans is needed.
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* VeryLooselyBasedOnATrueStory: Well, there ''was'' a judges' trial, but every character and every detail of the trial process is fictional. Ernst Janning is a composite [[CompositeCharacter composite]] of three different judges who were tried. Also, the real Judges' Trial took place in 1947, but the film moves it to 1948 so that it can happen against the backdrop of the communist coup in Czechoslovakia and the Berlin Blockade, to explain why US authorities will go easy on the defendants-support from the Germans is needed.
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None
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The movie presents a fictionalized version of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials the "Judges' Trial" from the Anglo-American-Franco-Soviet International Military Tribunal (IMT) trials]] that took place at the German city of Nürnberg/Nuremberg in 1947. In this trial the IMT tried the fourteen defendants with:
to:
The movie presents a fictionalized version of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials the "Judges' Trial" from the Anglo-American-Franco-Soviet International Military Tribunal (IMT) trials]] that took place at the German city of Nürnberg/Nuremberg in 1947. In this trial the IMT tried the fourteen defendants with:
on charges of:
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A pre-stardom Creator/WilliamShatner, still five years away from getting a gig on ''[[Series/StarTrekTheOriginalSeries Star Trek]]'', appears as an American officer who is a liason with Judge Haywood.
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A pre-stardom Creator/WilliamShatner, still five years away from getting a gig on ''[[Series/StarTrekTheOriginalSeries Star Trek]]'', appears as an American officer who is a liason liaison with Judge Haywood.
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* EasilyForgiven: One of the main thrusts of the film is that Germany and the German people were being a little too easily forgiven, as the democratic West was forging ties with West Germany, the frontline in the UsefulNotes/ColdWar.
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* EasilyForgiven: One of the main thrusts of the film is that Germany and the German people were being a little too easily forgiven, as the democratic West was forging ties with West Germany, the frontline in the UsefulNotes/ColdWar.Cold War.
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* HeadInTheSandManagement: Rolfe's thesis in his closing statement, in which he said that Germany and the Germans aren't the only ones to blame. The industrialists who sold arms to Hitler, the diplomats who made agreement with him at Munich, the pope who signed an agreement with him, all share blame.
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* HeadInTheSandManagement: Rolfe's thesis in his closing statement, in which he said that Germany and the Germans aren't the only ones to blame. The industrialists who sold arms to Hitler, the diplomats who made an agreement with him at Munich, the pope who signed an agreement with him, all share blame.
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* LawProcedural: Concerning the development of new law for the prosecutions of crimes against humanity.
* MalignedMixedMarriage: Brought up in the film is the (genuine) fact that relations between Germans and Africans, and Germans and Jews, were criminalized as the act of ''Miscegenation'' in the 1935 ''Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor'' (Nuremberg Laws). The term, and laws, were derived from contemporary US State Laws which were still in effect when the film was released.
* MalignedMixedMarriage: Brought up in the film is the (genuine) fact that relations between Germans and Africans, and Germans and Jews, were criminalized as the act of ''Miscegenation'' in the 1935 ''Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor'' (Nuremberg Laws). The term, and laws, were derived from contemporary US State Laws which were still in effect when the film was released.
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* LawProcedural: Concerning the development of new law for the prosecutions prosecution of crimes against humanity.
* MalignedMixedMarriage: Brought up in the film is the (genuine) fact that relations between Germans and Africans, and Germans and Jews, were criminalized as the act of''Miscegenation'' "Miscegenation" in the 1935 ''Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honor'' (Nuremberg Laws). The term, and laws, were derived from contemporary US State Laws which were still in effect when the film was released.
* MalignedMixedMarriage: Brought up in the film is the (genuine) fact that relations between Germans and Africans, and Germans and Jews, were criminalized as the act of
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* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in The Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point- Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing mass murder.
to:
* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in The Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point- Janning point-Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing mass murder.
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* VeryLooselyBasedOnATrueStory: Well, there ''was'' a judges' trial, but every character and every detail of the trial process is fictional. Ernst Janning is a composite of three different judges who were tried. Also, the real Judges' Trial took place in 1947, but the film moves it to 1948 so that it can happen against the backdrop of [[UsefulNotes/HistoryOfTheColdWar the communist coup in Czechoslovakia and the Berlin Blockade]].
to:
* VeryLooselyBasedOnATrueStory: Well, there ''was'' a judges' trial, but every character and every detail of the trial process is fictional. Ernst Janning is a composite of three different judges who were tried. Also, the real Judges' Trial took place in 1947, but the film moves it to 1948 so that it can happen against the backdrop of [[UsefulNotes/HistoryOfTheColdWar the communist coup in Czechoslovakia and the Berlin Blockade]].Blockade, to explain why US authorities will go easy on the defendants-support from the Germans is needed.
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None
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The movie presents a fictionalized version of the "Judges' Trial" from the Anglo-American-Franco-Soviet International Military Tribunal (IMT) trials that took place at Nuremberg in 1947. In this trial the IMT tried the fourteen defendants with:
to:
The movie presents a fictionalized version of [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_trials the "Judges' Trial" from the Anglo-American-Franco-Soviet International Military Tribunal (IMT) trials trials]] that took place at Nuremberg the German city of Nürnberg/Nuremberg in 1947. In this trial the IMT tried the fourteen defendants with:
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None
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* ArmorPiercingResponse: The last line of dialogue in the movie, after Haywood visits Janning's cell, and Janning tries to justify himself and practically begs Haywood for a measure of forgiveness.
--> '''Janning''': Those people, those millions of people. I never knew it would come to that. You ''must'' believe it.\\
'''Haywood''': (''with sorrow'') Herr Janning...it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death you knew to be innocent.
--> '''Janning''': Those people, those millions of people. I never knew it would come to that. You ''must'' believe it.\\
'''Haywood''': (''with sorrow'') Herr Janning...it came to that the first time you sentenced a man to death you knew to be innocent.
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''Judgment at Nuremberg'' is a 1961 CourtroomDrama which claims to be BasedOnATrueStory, directed by Creator/StanleyKramer, and with an AllStarCast featuring Creator/SpencerTracy, Creator/BurtLancaster, Richard Widmark, Creator/MarleneDietrich, Maximilian Schell, Montgomery Clift, and Creator/JudyGarland.
to:
''Judgment at Nuremberg'' is a 1961 CourtroomDrama LawProcedural which claims to be BasedOnATrueStory, directed by Creator/StanleyKramer, and with an AllStarCast featuring Creator/SpencerTracy, Creator/BurtLancaster, Richard Widmark, Creator/MarleneDietrich, Maximilian Schell, Montgomery Clift, and Creator/JudyGarland.
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* CourtroomDrama: A pretty serious one.
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* HeadInTheSandManagement: Rolfe's thesis in his closing statement, in which he said that Germany and the Germans aren't the only ones to blame. The industrialists who sold arms to Hitler, the diplomats who made agreement with him at Munich, the pope who signed an agreement with him, all share blame.
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* LawProcedural: Concerning the development of new law for the prosecutions of crimes against humanity.
Added DiffLines:
* TragicVillain: The concept itself is a major plot point, as it explores how the German people could be complicit in The Holocaust. Hans Rolfe argues that Ernst Janning, a once respectable jurist and legal expert, committed the crimes he did out of a sense of duty to a system that encouraged it. Judge Haywood does agree with Rolfe to a point- Janning was a tragic figure. But his defeat does not excuse him from the crimes against humanity he committed. The tragedy is that a respectable human being can be easily manipulated into committing mass murder.
Is there an issue? Send a MessageReason:
None
A pre-stardom Creator/WilliamShatner, still five years away from getting a gig on ''[[Series/StarTrekTheOriginalSeries Star Trek]]'', appears as an American officer who is a liason with Judge Haywood.
* BookEnds: The same Nazi marching song opens and closes the film.
* CourtroomDrama: A pretty serious one.
* EasilyForgiven: One of the main thrusts of the film is that Germany and the German people were being a little too easily forgiven, as the democratic West was forging ties with West Germany, the frontline in the UsefulNotes/ColdWar.
* CourtroomDrama: A pretty serious one.
* EasilyForgiven: One of the main thrusts of the film is that Germany and the German people were being a little too easily forgiven, as the democratic West was forging ties with West Germany, the frontline in the UsefulNotes/ColdWar.
* JustFollowingOrders: Rolfe's defense of the judges amounts to this. "A judge does not make the laws; he carries out the laws of his country."
* MatchCut: A cut from Mrs. Bertholt pouring Dan a cup of coffee to Col. Lawson doing the same in his office.
* OrbitalShot: Kramer was nervous about his long courtroom examination scenes coming across as boring on the screen. So he filled the movie with swooping, circling camera movement in and around the characters. The most extreme example of this, and the most famous shot in the movie, is the scene where the camera does a complete 360-degree orbit around Col. Lawson during his opening statement.
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* TranslationConvention: All of the German characters speak German at the beginning of the trial, with translation provided (and the judges and attorneys wearing headsets), until Kramer cuts to a close-up of Rolfe speaking. As he pulls back the camera, Rolfe starts speaking English, and from then on, so do the other German characters.
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* SceneryGorn: The film opens with Judge Haywood being driven through the streets of a bombed-out Nuremberg. His first line is "I didn't know it was so bad."
* TranslationConvention: All of the German characters speak German at the beginning of the trial, with translation provided (and the judges and attorneys wearing headsets), until Kramer cuts to a close-up of Rolfe speaking. As he pulls back the camera, Rolfe starts speaking English, and from then on, so do the other German characters. They still act like they're speaking in different languages, using the translation headsets and such, which makes for some odd moments.
* TranslationConvention: All of the German characters speak German at the beginning of the trial, with translation provided (and the judges and attorneys wearing headsets), until Kramer cuts to a close-up of Rolfe speaking. As he pulls back the camera, Rolfe starts speaking English, and from then on, so do the other German characters. They still act like they're speaking in different languages, using the translation headsets and such, which makes for some odd moments.
