Follow TV Tropes

Following

Expy / The DCU

Go To

The DCU

Expy in this franchise.
    open/close all folders 

     Comic Books 

Comic Books

The following have their own pages:


  • Kirk "Man-Bat" Langstrom is to Curt "The Lizard" Connors. Really, regardless of where each character ended up, the only difference between their origins is the specific ailment they were trying to cure and the specific animal they were working on.
  • Batman Japan/Mr. Unknown from Batman, Inc. is an Expy of the original Kamen Rider, right down to the motorcycle and Scarf of Asskicking. His civilian name ("Jiro Osamu") is a Shout-Out to Osamu Tezuka.
    • This might just be DC returning the favor since in Shotaro Ishinomori's original manga, Kamen Rider was very much an Expy to Batman himself: a super-intelligent hero aided by his loyal butler who operated out of a high-tech laboratory beneath his family's mansion. However, most of these elements disappeared or were altered when the story was adapted for television.
  • Jeph Loeb's miniseries, The Long Halloween and Dark Victory did this to many characters, including pre-existing ones:
    • Carmine Falcone from Batman: Year One is made into one of Vito Corleone from The Godfather and introduces Falcone's family, who was similar expies for the Corleone children: his daughter, Sofia Gigante, is a Gender Flipped Sonny, while his sons, Alberto and Sonny are respectively ones for Fredo and Michael.
    • Calendar Man is used in a similar way to Hannibal Lecter, especially with Batman and Gordon going to him for help on the Holiday murders in The Long Halloween as Clarice Starling did with Hannibal on the case Buffalo Bill case in The Silence of the Lambs.
    • For one in the same property, Julia Lopez is one for Batman: The Animated Series Canon Immigrant Renee Montoya, including being an honest cop Gordon trusts, though it's implied she'd have a higher rank as the story implied she'll replace O'Hara as chief.
  • Tim Drake was initially written as one of Peter Parker. It's no secret that Chuck Dixon based Tim Drake's adventures on the first 50 issues of The Amazing Spider-Man (1963). Fans used to compare him to the iconic Marvel superhero, calling him the Peter Parker of Gotham.
  • The Batman Who Laughs from the Dark Nights: Metal crossover is inspired both visually and in motif by Judge Death — a heinous monster who slaughters his entire universe simply because he can, and is inspired to bridge the gap to other worlds just to be able to do it all again.
  • The Kali Corporation from Batwoman (Rebirth) is one of SPECTRE (down to the similar meanings of their logos), with a dash of Cobra Unit thrown in as well.
  • In the Catwoman story "Selina's Big Score", Stark is a blatant Expy of Parker, Villain Protagonist of a series of crime novels by Richard Stark. He also looks like Lee Marvin, who played Parker (renamed Walker) in the film adaptation of the first novel, Point Blank (1967). (Darwyn Cooke, who wrote and drew the story, later went on to officially adapt the Parker novels to the comic medium.)
  • Action Comics #421 saw Superman battle Captain Strong, the DC universe's equivalent to Popeye: a balding, rough-and-tumble sailor who gets incredible super-strength by eating a green plant (in this case "sauncha", a strain of seaweed infested with alien spores of unknown origin). DC ran with it, and subsequent appearances Strong gained a supporting cast of Expies to Olive Oyl, Bluto, Wimpy, Poopdeck Pappy, and the Sea Hag.
    • The connection got a sly nod in one of his subsequent appearances: Superman was forced to fight a sea monster while still in civilian clothes, but Captain Strong saw him in the act. In order to protect his identity, Clark retrieved a can of spinach and draped it over his body, pretending it was another strain of sauncha. For the rest of the trip Strong would use the "sauncha" to pull off incredible feats, all while a beleaguered Superman did the real work from the shadows.
  • Lana Lang essentially served as a teenaged Expy of Lois Lane in the Superboy comics.
  • Legends of the Dead Earth: In Legionnaires Annual #3, the imprisoned superheroes whom XS meets on Almeer-5 in the 100th Century are all inspired by major Marvel Comics characters. The first two are Gender Flipped expies: Ava / Avatar, who receives her powers from the Spear of Destiny, is based on Thor while Melissa Trask / Metallica, a brilliant electronics engineer who built an armored suit for herself, is based on Iron Man. Bob Brunner, who was transmorphed into Behemoth due to an energy transfer accident, is based on the Hulk. He resembles a blue version of the Hulk but, unlike the Marvel Hero, retains his intelligence when he changes. Ultra-Man, a very powerful hero from an earlier time, is based on Captain America.
  • Milestone Comics: This comic series has several examples:
    • Icon intentionally evokes Superman, both in his origin and status as "Earth's greatest hero."
    • Hardware can be seen as an expy of Steel. Personality-wise, they are on the opposite ends of the Sliding Scale of Idealism Versus Cynicism, with Steel on the former and Hardware on the latter.note 
    • Likewise Static can be seen as an expy of Spider-Man. Both Peter Parker and Virgil Hawkins are teenage superheroes who gained their powers through an accident. Both of them keep their crime-fighting a secret from their parents and tend to work alone yet always seem to wind-up involved in all the big team-up storylines. Both tend to use their genius-level knowledge of science to fight crime just as much as their superpowers. And they're both geeks with a sarcastic and referential sense of humor who crack wise during fights.
    • Kobalt is Batman, but a more violent and reality-grounded version, if still non-lethal. Page, his Kid Sidekick, is a proto-Kick-Ass whose dad fed him to Kobalt as an attempted "Scared Straight" experience (that backfired).
  • Pre-Crisis Supergirl had a crush on Dick Malverne, a guy who liked Linda, suspected she was Supergirl, and was determined to prove it... right like Lois Lane and Lana Lang liked Superman/Superboy, suspected he was Clark Kent and were determined to prove it. Linda specifically tells Dick is her Lana Lang. A Young Love short story revealed that Dick always knew, but after a while he decided to keep Linda's secret to himself.
  • Supergirl's best friend Thara Ak-Var is inspired by Jean Grey, being another female hero bonded with a firebird-shaped cosmic entity.
  • Supergirl is one to Mary Marvel. Both were created by Otto Binder. They're both Kid Hero Distaff Counterparts to similar superheroes (Superman and Shazam!) and they're both Long Lost Relatives to their Spear Counterparts as well. Their classic costumes are also very similar looking.
  • In John Byrne's Post-Crisis revamp of Superman, he introduced Kitty Faulkner, a brilliant scientist who is caught by an explosion of a scientific device she created, and, as a result, she transforms into a huge, angry monster called Rampage. Just like Bruce Banner. As Rampage doesn't talk, just growls, in her first appearance, it can be a nod to Hulk's live-action series as well.
  • DC's All-Star Squadron featured the Young All-Stars, who were meant to replace the Golden Age versions of Superman (Iron Munro), Wonder Woman (The Fury), Batman (Flying Fox), Aquaman (Neptune Perkins, Tsunami), and Green Arrow (Tigress) Post-Crisis, because they, you know, weren't active back then anymore. Neptune Perkins was a very obscure pre-existing character, for what it's worth. They had Nazi-created evil counterparts called Axis Amerika to contend with, which were also retrofitted Expies of the vanished Earth-2 heroes: Ubermensch (Superman), Gudra the Valkyrie (Wonder Woman), Grösshorn Eule and Fledermaus (Batman and Robin), Usil (Green Arrow) and Sea Wolf (Aquaman). Part of the reasoning was that, metaphysically speaking, iconic characters like Superman and Wonder Woman were "too big" to be replaced by just one new (and inevitably "lesser") character. The Token Japanese member of Axis Amerika, Kamikaze was an expy of Fawcett's Bulletman.
  • Deathstroke: Red Lion from Deathstroke (Rebirth) is an Expy of Black Panther. Both are the respective rulers of an African nation, use an identity patterned after a big cat, and wear (very similar-looking) costumes made from nearly-invulnerable metals, complete with Absurdly Sharp Claws built into the gloves. The key difference is that while Black Panther is a just ruler and a hero, Red Lion is a cruel dictator and a mass murderer. Given that Red Lion was created by Christopher Priest, Black Panther's most famous writer, the similarities are definitely not a coincidence.
  • Elongated Man was created because DC Comics didn't realize they already owned Plastic Man.
  • Final Crisis: Superman Beyond 3D features Captain Adam, an alternate universe version of Captain Atom who's a clear Expy of Dr Manhattan, sporting his blue skin, detached nature, and even a similar emblem on his forehead. This is fitting since Manhattan was originally an Expy of Captain Atom to begin with.
  • During the Golden Age, Green Arrow was given many similarities to Batman, right down to the Arrow-Car, Arrow-Cave, an arrow signal, and a teen sidekick in Speedy (who is really just like Robin only a junky). On top of that, he's a rich orphan too. Decades of Divergent Character Evolution (and teen sidekicks becoming standard for a DC hero) have turned him from straight up "Batman but with arrows!" to his own person but he was very much the same character once.
    • After season one of Arrow ended, Oliver was revealed to have a younger half-sister in the New 52, named Emiko, who is based on Thea Queen, his sister in Arrow, though Thea herself is an Expy of Mia Dearden. Both are experienced archers and have similar abilities, though Emiko is a teenager and Thea is an adult in addition to different racial backgrounds (Emiko is Eurasian [half-Caucasian/half-Japanese] and Thea is Caucasian) and different relation (Emiko is Oliver's paternal half-sister in the comics with her father being Oliver's father Robert Queen and mother being Shado, while Thea is Oliver's maternal half-sister in the show with her father being Malcolm Merlyn and her mother being Oliver's mother Moira Queen). This becomes Expy Coexistence when Emiko appeared in the seventh season of Arrow.
  • The Invisibles:
    • Ragged Robin is similar to Grant Morrison's Crazy Jane from his run on Doom Patrol. According to Morrison himself, they're the same person in a different universe. More of this on The Other Wiki. Alhough Ragged Robin does diverge from Crazy Jane and he invented a completely new Backstory for her.
    • King Mob's imaginary (probably) alter ego Gideon Stargrave is a blatant Expy of Michael Moorcock's protagonist Jerry Cornelius. Right down to the narrative caption boxes mimicking the typical chapter titles and prose styles of the Cornelius stories. It later turns out that the Cornelius stories exist in-universe and King Mob was consciously imitating them.
    • Lewis Brodie, the Outer Church agent who captures Fanny and King Mob in "She-Man", is a parody of Bodie from The Professionals, who was played by Lewis Collins.
    • All of the "Division X" characters are Expies of figures from 1970s British police series:
  • There was one issue of Justice League of America written in 2000 by Greg Weisman, in which the League travels to Paris and meets a clan of gargoyles living in Notre Dame cathedral, all of whom are clear Expies of the main cast of Weisman's cult classic TV show Gargoyles. There's the leader, "Behemoth" (Goliath), his ex-lover "Diabolique" (Demona), his daughter "Angelique" (Angela), his second-in-command "Montmarte" (Brooklyn), Angelique's lover "Montparnasse" (Broadway), the diminutive smart guy "Champs-Élysées" (Lexington), the team mentor "Seine" (Hudson), the Team Pet "Left Bank" (Bronx), and Behemoth's Evil Twin "Thomeheb" (Thailog).
  • When the teen supervillain Kid Karnevil attempted to infiltrate the Justice Society of America, he did so by posing as a patriotic superhero named the All-American Kid. All-American Kid's costume and backstory were extremely similar to those of Bucky, the sidekick of Captain America.
  • Violet Paige, the protagonist of Mother Panic, is a Gotham City socialite, a half-orphan, and uses highly brutal techniques while operating as a vigilante. She is a skilled martial artist, works independently of Batman, has green eyes, and opts for a punk-esque aesthetic in her civilian identity. All these characteristics are shared by the second Batwoman, Kate Kane.
  • When Jack Kirby and Joe Simon took over DC's Sandman book, they immediately made him more like their old assignment (Captain America) by turning him into a more traditional superhero, right down to redesigning his Kid Sidekick Sandy the Golden Boy into an Expy of Bucky.
  • The cast of Watchmen was originally going to use characters DC had acquired from Charlton Comics. After DC vetoed this idea, the cast became expies of those characters instead:
    • Doctor Manhattan is Captain Atom.
    • Rorschach is The Question.
    • Nite Owl is Blue Beetle (the original Nite Owl is Dan Garett, the modern day Nite Owl is Ted Kord).
    • Silk Spectre is Nightshade.
    • The Comedian is the Peacemaker.
    • Ozymandias is Peter Cannon, Thunderbolt.
    • As an homage to this, the sequel series, Doomsday Clock, features an Outlaw Couple by the name of Mime and Marionette, who are based on Charlton's own Punch and Jewelee.
  • Wonder Woman:
  • DC's Bumblebee is an obvious Expy of Marvel's Wasp, sharing everything from power set to costume. Bumblebee did not start out this way (she initially just had a suit of bee-themed Powered Armor), but later writers added in the size shifting after Teen Titans (2003) and Young Justice (2010) gave her that power.
  • Miss Martian is this to pre-Crisis Supergirl. Executive Meddling prevented the writers from adding Kara into Teen Titans, so the writers instead created a completely different bubbly teenage alien girl that they could use. Miss Martian is often considered an expy of Starfire as interpreted in the Teen Titans (2003) cartoon, however that's probably unintentional.
  • Teen Titans Go!:
    • Ice Kate, Kid Cool, and Kwiz Kid are teenage versions of Golden Glider, Captain Cold, and the Riddler respectively.
    • Gil Girl is a combination of Aquagirl and Lagoon Boy.
    • Kitten becomes one of Duela Dent by masquarading as the daughters of different villains.

     Live-Action Films 

Live-Action Films

  • Batman Film Series
    • Batman
      • Carl Grissom takes over the role of Carmine Falcone, the crime boss of Gotham before the "freaks" take over.
      • Tim Burton didn't want to use Harvey Bullock, so he created the overweight, gruff, corrupt Lt. Eckhardt.
    • Batman Returns
      • Max Shreck, as a Corrupt Corporate Executive associated with electricity and bearing the name Max, he could be a very loose take on Maxie Zeus. His gothic attire is also similar to Kirk Langstrom a.k.a. Man-Bat. He could be considered the Gotham equivalent of Lex Luthor, being a crooked businessman who wants to control the city.
      • The Red Triangle Circus Gang appear to be base Of The Joker's carnival of freaks from The Killing Joke.
    • Batman Forever
      • Presumably Fred Stickley is base on Daniel Mockridge, Nygma's former boss in Batman The Animated Series.
      • Dr. Burton is base on Jeremiah Arkham, the former head of the Asylum, from the comics.
    • Batman & Robin: Poison Ivy is a mixture of Catwoman's rebirth origin story from Returns and The Riddler's Mad Scientist origin story from Forever. Stated by Joel Schumacher that his original intent was to have Nicole Kidman portray Ivy in Batman Forever, hence why (aside from Elliot Goldenthal's recycled score) Ivy and Chase's Sexophone motifs are so similar.
  • In The Dark Knight, you have Officers Stephens and Ramirez, who are Expys for Harvey Bullock and Renee Montoya, with the exception being that Ramirez is actually a traitor. Stephens on the other hand is Bullock right down to the toothpick-chewing but his name was probably changed so the film wouldn't have two characters named Harvey. (It's rumored that Ramirez was supposed to be Montoya, but was changed to an original character because of the revelation that she was actually a crooked cop.)
  • Man of Steel:
    • This film's General Zod is essentially Mustapha Mond taken to a Logical Extreme.
    • This films incarnation of Faora is closer to Ursa than the man-hating Faora from the comics. Recursive, as Ursa herself was a loose Expy of Faora.
    • A huge, non-verbal bruiser distinguished by his incredible strength and loyalty to Zod? Nam-Ek is this film's stand-in for Non.
    • Laurence Fishburne based his Perry White on Series/Minutes member Ed Bradley. Both even have a pierced ear.
    • Jenny was rumored to be a gender-flipped Jimmy Olsen, but the movie reveals her surname is "Jurwich" by the end (and high-resolution publicity shots showing her ID card will reveal this, too). Confusingly, a tie-in book does name her as "Jenny Olsen."
    • General Swanick is one for General Sam Lane (Lois' father), who has a prominent role in one of this film's sources, Superman: Secret Origin.

     Live-Action TV 

Live-Action TV


  • Doom Patrol (2019): Willoughby Kipling is one of John Constantine. This stems from his characters creation in the original comic book series as the writers were unable to secure permission to use Constantine and had to create a Suspiciously Similar Substitute.
  • In Gotham, Jerome Valenska and his identical twin brother Jeremiah are the Joker in all but name, to the point that the showrunners left it ambiguous on whether either twin becomes the Clown Prince of Crime, which the latter eventually fulfills the role in the finale.
  • Lois & Clark
    • Lord Nor is an obvious one, although he doesn't share much in common with Zod beyond the external similarities: a beard, an aristo accent, and a pair of ever-present henchmen.
    • Rachel Harris, the Smallville sheriff who was good "friends" (or so she wanted Lois to think) with Clark growing up, is one for Lana Lang, as they couldn't get the rights to use her name at the time. An alternate universe Lana showed up later on.
    • Peter Boyle as Bill Church, filling in for our old friend Morgan Edge. His son and heir, Bill Church Jr. (Bruce Campbell), may well be a substitute for Bruno Manheim.
    • On the subject of Intergang, Mindy shares more than a little in common with Lorelai (Pamela Stephenson), a Machiavellian sex bunny in Superman III.
    • Jack Klugman showed up in an early episode, playing a huckster who's very similar to a Marvel Comics character, Funky Flashman.
      • Sorry, but Funky is a DC character, first introduced in Mister Miracle. The Marvel connection is that he is said to be a caricature of Stan Lee.
    • John Spencer's character in "Lethal Weapon"—in addition to spoofing kid's show hosts like Mr. Wizard and Bill Nye— shares similarities with The Prankster, a super-criminal who once enjoyed celebrity in The Uncle Oswald Show. Like Toyman, the Prankster was apparently split into two people for this series: Bronson Pinchot previously played an ex-con who sought revenge on Lois for putting him away, using weaponized "pranks" to ruin her life in various ways.
    • Kara Zor-El alias Supergirl doesn't exist in this continuity, but Kal-El did have a pre-arranged marriage to Zara, one of the survivors of Krypton.
  • Smallville: Chloe Sullivan originally started as an Expy for Lois Lane (the actual Lois was introduced later), as well as the Silver Age version of Lana Lang. As she began to grow apart from Lois, her journalism career was downplayed and her computer skills evolved to their current levels — making her now an expy for Oracle.
    • Tess Mercer, in her first two appearances, was referred to as both "an obscure regional VP" (unfit for her job of taking over for Lex Luthor) and a "pitbull in Prada." The first was said to her while they were up in the Arctic. The second, after she had firmly assumed control of her bald boss's former position. That's right, it's Sarah Palin. Of course, she's intended as a fusion of Mercy Graves and Miss Teschmacher (tending much more toward Mercy.)
    • The episode "Warrior", turned the in-universe fictional Warrior Angel into a Captain Marvel Expy.
    • This version of Booster Gold has quite a significant Captain Amazing vibe.
    • There are some sharp similarities between Green Arrow's characterization and relationship with Clark, and that of Batman. Throw in the fact that The Dark Knight Trilogy likely meant the writers couldn't use Bruce, and that makes a lot of sense all of a sudden.
      • Appropriate, given that initially Green Arrow was very much the poor man's Batman in the comics, with his earliest stories featuring Speedy as a blatant Expy of Robin, as well as an Arrow-Mobile and even an "Arrow Cave."
    • Vordigan the Dark Archer is heavily based on Merlyn, Green Arrow's Evil Counterpart in the comics.
    • Davis Bloome and the version of Doomsday he turns into is basically The Incredible Hulk, but evil. He's a generally physically unimposing person with anger issues who turns into a Nigh-Invulnerable hulking monster with Super-Strength when overstressed. He's also a composite version with Doomsday from the comics, as he possesses his spikes, overall appearance, and reactive evolution abilities.
  • The Adventures of Superboy: T.J. White is a photographer like Jimmy Olsen.

     Western Animation 

Western Animation


  • The Batman
    • While Ellen Yin is an Asian-American Ellen Yindel and Ethan Bennett is the show's first Clayface, they are are more or less counterparts of Renee Montoya and Crispus Allen. Which is a bit funny because Renee Montoya originated in B:TAS and became a Canon Immigrant. Yin also heavily resembles Elisa Maza as she wears the same outfit and Ethan Bennett is a stand-in Two-Face as before his transformation into Clayface, he had a long friendship with Bruce and called Batman "Bats," a la Harvey from The Long Halloween.
    • Chief Angel Rojas is basically Harvey Bullock with a higher rank, a Race Lift to Hispanic, and lacks Bullock's more redeeming qualities.
    • Black Mask's final Number One resembled an older version of Clover Ewing from Totally Spies!, only with an eyepatch and working for a crime boss.
  • Beware the Batman was intended to use some of Batman's lesser known enemies in place of his regular Rogues Gallery. However, this means that some of those B and C-list villains have had their characters tweaked to fit into the roles of more well-known adversaries.
    • Anarky; a grinning, white-faced maniac obsessed with Chaos is The Joker. His bizzare philosophical speeches on the nature of Order Versus Chaos and love of explosions puts him closest to the Heath Ledger portrayal. Anarky is an especially egregious example, as in the comics he is a purposeful and intelligent teenage Anti-Villain and champion of the downtrodden who was designed as to subvert Anarchy Is Chaos and Bomb-Throwing Anarchists, whereas the cartoon version is a giggling lunatic who creates mayhem and destruction for his own amusement.
    • Magpie; a sultry, kleptomaniac leather-wearing female villain with an obsessive crush on Batman is Catwoman. Specifically, as a severely unbalanced schizophrenic, the Michelle Pfeiffer version.
    • Humpty Dumpty, who uses toys and puzzles is The Riddler. In one episode he even imprisons Batman and several others in a maze of rooms with each one containing a clue to a larger mystery.
    • Tobias Whale, a physically deformed crime lord with an animal name is a more serious Penguin.
    • Professor Pyg, as an ecoterrorist, could be considered a very loose Poison Ivy analogue.
  • The Superman / Aquaman Hour of Adventure from Filmation replaced Green Lantern's friend Tom Kalmaku with a similar Kid Sidekick named Kairo. The only real difference was that Tom was an Inuit while Kairo was an alien from Venus.
    • And oddly enough Kairo later received his own Expy decades later in Batman Beyond with the character of Kai-Ro, a young Asian boy who was chosen as Earth's new Green Lantern after John Stewart retired.
  • Teen Titans (2003) had a few.
    • Sarasim was an Expy of Cyborg's love interest Sarah Simms (possibly with elements of his later girlfriend Sarah Charles thrown in as well), the Puppet King was based off the Puppeteer, Billy Numerous was based off Multiplex, and Larry was based off Bat-Mite.
    • Bumblebee and Jinx had more in common with Marvel heroines The Wasp and Scarlet Witch, respectively, than their comic book counterparts.
    • There's also a few characters serving as visual Shout Outs to various DC heroes, such as Private H.I.V.E. looking like the Guardian and Val-Yor looking like Captain Atom.
    • A computer virus from an episode is based of of Keramon from Digimon: The Movie. They look nearly identical and they both end up splitting into multiple ( read: Thousands!)copies in an attempt to do something horrible and are only stopped at the last second
  • Young Justice (2010)
    • Black Spider, an operative for the League of Shadows, despite being based on a DC character named Black Spider, he's Spider-Man if Spider-Man was evil. He makes wise cracks during battle, he's voiced by Josh Keaton, and he even refers to swinging through the city as 'web slinging.' Of course, "Evil Spider-Man" was pretty much the premise for the original comic character as well.
    • This show's version of Lex Luthor borrows heavily in terms of both personality and methods from David Xanatos, who was also created by Young Justice showrunner Greg Weisman. In particular he trades in Luthor's megalomania for Xanatos' calm savviness. When the show was Un-Cancelled, Luthor regained many of his character traits from the original comics.
      Luthor/Xanatos: Revenge is a sucker's game.
    • Sportsmaster is a badass American mercenary, a total asshole, the father of one of the heroines and has two kids with a Vietnamese woman who may or may not have been shot in the spine. If he starts crying and going on about how "life is just a sport" or something like that, he's a lost cause.
    • Tye Longshadow, Asami Koizumi, and Eduardo Dorado, Jr. are modernized and less-stereotypical Expies of Apache Chief, Samurai, and El Dorado, three of the Captain Ethnic Canon Foreigners from Super Friends. Static takes the place of Black Vulcan, becoming something of a Composite Character. Outsiders sees Ed Dorado, the El Dorado expy evolve into Canon Character All Along as he takes up the codename of "El Dorado".
    • This version of Klarion the Witch Boy is a Lord of Chaos with an erratic personality, which some fans have noted makes him a lot like the Child, a different DC villain. Funnily enough, season four includes the Child in a rivalry with Klarion, and had to distinguish them by giving the Child a Gender Flip and Adaptational Personality Change.

Top