As Goku grows older and gains strength, he gradually deconstructs the Kindhearted Simpleton attributes that made him so charming in his youth, emphasizing that they can make him a Manchild as an adult. While he's certainly the most qualified to defeat any given villain from a martial arts perspective, he can have a rather flippant attitude towards his friends and family and frequently annoys, angers or upsets them as he makes decisions and actions that benefit only himself and his goals, such as intentionally letting Dr. Gero develop the Androids so that he can get a good fight, resulting in thousands of innocent lives being lost. This detachment bites him hard by the Cell Games because he doesn't understand the way Gohan's inner power actually works: it takes Piccolo, who knows his son on a far more personal level, to explain how wrong he is, and Goku is eventually forced to sacrifice his own life to save the day. This attitude starts to become a real problem in Super, as detailed below.
From the Android Saga onwards of Dragon Ball Z, Goku becomes one for The Ace and the Hope Bringer. Because he is so good and so powerful, his friends and family tend to depend on him too much to solve the current problem, and they don't put their trust readily in anyone else but him. They become noticeably deflated and pessimistic when he isn't around, and Gohan firmly believes that he can never surpass his father, despite Goku showing him otherwise. Goku's death in Trunks' timeline is one of the many reasons why things got so bad and Bulma invents the Time Machine mostly to save him, firmly believing that he can do something to stop the androids. Vegeta eventually gets so tired of being one-upped by Goku that he sells his soul to Babidi for power and unleashes Majin Buu upon the world. Goku himself has realized that his loved ones are far too dependent on him; he knows that one day, he will be dead for good, and if his loved ones don't stop relying on him so much, then no one will be able to counter the next big threat to Earth. As a result, Goku tries to have the next generation step up and do so, but because of how sudden the threat of Buu is, he's forced to come back to life to save the day when they all fail, and even then, Goku alone isn't able to do so until he gets help.
The end of the Kid Buu fight deconstructs Humble Hero. Because Goku always saves the world from the shadows, no one, outside of a few, know of his deeds. So when Goku begs the world for energy to power the Spirit Bomb that will kill Buu, only the people who intimately know him listened; everyone else blows him off just as they did Vegeta. It takes Mr. Satan, the resident Fake Ultimate Hero, to yell at the people of Earth to get them to cooperate since Mr. Satan, not Goku, is known as the world's savior.
The Future Trunks Saga of Dragon Ball Super deconstructs the idea of Goku bringing out the best in people, him being Inexplicably Awesome, and Deity of Human Origin. After meeting and fighting Goku, instead of Zamasu becoming friends with him, it sparks Zamasu's Start of Darkness and he begins to see Goku as a Satanic Archetype since he gained power that surpasses the gods. Goku Black, being an evil Goku at a glance, uses Goku's ability to grow and power to become a dangerous foe, especially once it is revealed that Goku Black is Zamasu from another timeline in Goku's body, using all of Goku's abilities and extreme growth against the characters turning him into an almost Invincible Villain. Goku's power becoming that of a God also causes Zamasu to grow concerned that a mortal could rise to the power of a God, and he grows to see Goku as a mistake that needs to be fixed, leading to his creation of the Zero Mortal Plan.
During the Universe Survival Saga, Goku ends up deconstructing his nature as a Challenge Seeker and Blood Knight. His eagerness for a good fight so utterly blinds him to the consequences of Zeno's tournament (losers get their universe erased) that fighters from other universes assume he must be evil and uncaring. Goku himself doesn't help this assumption since he is more focused on all the strong people he'll get to fight than the ramifications of the tournament and what will happen to everyone he defeats. However, this is downplayed when it's revealed that Zeno was going to erase Universe 7 along with seven other universes anyways since they all had mortal ratings below 7 (this was before he met Goku), so Goku indirectly gave at least one universe the chance to save themselves. Most of the Gods still hate him for his uncaring nature and relationship with Zeno.
Vegeta deconstructs The Rival and The Proud Elite, despite being the character who would help popularize both archetypes in the first place. Because he was born into the Saiyan nobility and raised to believe he was always the best, he loses it when Goku surpasses him, especially since Goku is a lower-class soldier and, in his view, should be a nobody. It causes him to develop a severe Inferiority Superiority Complex, leading him to constantly try to prove himself by fighting strong opponents, which leads to Androids 16, 17, and 18 being awakened and Cell reaching his Perfect form. It comes to a head in the Buu Saga where his obsession with surpassing Goku becomes so great that he deliberately lets himself fall under Babidi's dark magic and ends up causing the resurrection of Majin Buu, leading to the deaths of nearly everyone on Earth and the destruction of several other planets before Buu's rampage is stopped. To make matters worse, he comes back to life for a single day to try and stop Buu, and when he runs into Goku, he reveals he learned Goku lied about his true power, making him nearly refuse to help him fight Buu out of wounded pride. It's only by accepting that Goku is simply better than him that Vegeta starts treating their rivalry from a healthy perspective: by acknowledging the true pecking order, Vegeta is nowhere near as torn up about how Goku is always ahead of him, while still maintaining the drive to beat him someday.
Gotenks deconstructs Kid Hero, The Chosen One, Idiot Hero, and Smug Super. He was created specifically to defeat Majin Buu, and Piccolo outright declares him the warrior destined to do so... but sadly, Gotenks takes the worst aspects of Trunks and Goten: Trunks' lack of respect and huge ego, and Goten's desire to have a fun time and goofy sense of humor. The result is an immature, egotistical fool who's far more concerned with showboating and looking cool and is virtually incapable of taking things seriously even when lives are at stake, which just keeps making the situation worse. In this order, he gets himself and Piccolo trapped in the Hyperbolic Time Chamber, enables Buu to escape and eat all of his loved ones, and gets himself absorbed by Buu, allowing Buu to beat Gohan senseless. Come Super, the rest of the Z-Fighters have yet to forget this and unanimously agree that Gotenks can't be trusted or relied upon for anything, especially not something as high-stakes as the Tournament of Power. In the end, Gotenks shows that his particular personality makes him very much not cut out for saving the day, and that trying to forcibly create an all-powerful savior will not always be successful. Not everyone has the same drive as Goku did at their age, and trying to force the weight of the world on two children isn't a sure bet (not that they had a better alternative, mind).
Antagonists
Frieza gets two:
He deconstructs Smug Super, Arrogant Kung-Fu Guy, and World's Strongest Man. In particular, he's the universe's most powerful being prior to Goku's becoming a Super Saiyan without inherently trying: even the forms he uses to reign in his power still put him leagues above Captain Ginyu in second place, and he has never had to truly exert himself in a fight. As a result, when Super Saiyan Goku comes along and he's forced to go all out for the first time in his life, this bites him in the ass: Frieza can't control his full power, has no endurance for a prolonged fight with someone his equal, and when simply crushing his enemies with his raw power proves ineffective, he has no response aside from simply blowing up the entire planet since he can survive in a vacuum. As revealed in Super, this is primarily because he was born as powerful as he is, meaning he literally didn't have train a day in his life, firmly convinced that he will always outmatch everyone. This contrasts Goku's Always Someone Better attitude that he learned from Roshi, which means he never quit training.
He is also a deconstruction for the Determinator. While his will to live and continue fighting is certainly impressive, his defeats are always brought about because he doesn't Know When to Fold 'Em. Nowhere is this exemplified better than his first defeat: after he gets cut in half by his own attack, he has to plead to Goku for some ki so that he might live. Goku does so and urges Frieza to leave so that they can have a rematch (an offer Frieza is exceedingly lucky to have been given, all things considered). Instead of heeding this advice, he uses his ki to continue the fight and tries to kill Goku despite the huge gulf in strength: the Saiyan is forced to defend himself, resulting in Frieza's defeat.
Babidi deconstructs the Bad Boss who practices You Have Outlived Your Usefulness. Babidi loves to kill off his minions after they either complete their tasks, or slip up and fail in some form, such as killing Spopovich and Yamu when they exceeded his expectations, and allowed Buu to eat his loyal Dragon Dabura, despite his warnings that Buu would turn on him and begs him to reseal him. When Goku plants the idea in Buu's head that he shouldn't listen to Babidi's orders, Babidi realizes he has no allies or people to help him when Buu turns on him, leading to Buu killing him.
From the Super manga, Zamasu shows why choosing a successor based on Asskicking Leads to Leadership isn't always a good idea. As Whis puts it, Gowasu should have chosen his successor based on their compassion and not just based on their fighting strength. In the case of the anime, Zamasu demonstrates why having a pure heart and a strong sense of justice are not good things to have if you're so set in your belief that you can't even consider the possibility of being wrong.
Other Characters
Over the course of the Universe Survival Saga, Zeno deconstructs the Asskicking Leads to Leadership archetype. In all the time he's shown, Zeno has shown zero actual leadership qualities, doing nothing but relaxing, playing games, and giving orders when he wants something, leaving all delegating and kingly duties and, well, thinking to his decidedly shady Grand Minister: at no point has he demonstrated what landed him the position as King of Everything other than being able to annihilate anyone who disagrees. The result is that for all his overwhelming power Zeno comes off less a deity or a king and more an innocent, sheltered little kid having fun squishing ants and not really understanding the weight of his own actions.
